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目的了解劳动者就业前的健康状况,及早发现职业禁忌证及其他主要疾病,为企业科学、合理地安排劳动者从事有职业病危害的作业提供客观依据。方法依据GBZ 188-2007《职业健康监护技术规范》,对2009年1月—2014年9月江阴市11 298名准备从事噪声作业的劳动者进行上岗前职业健康检查,并对结果进行分析。结果 11 298名劳动者中,发现其他疾病或异常5 915人(52.35%);发现与接触职业危害因素相关的项目指标异常3 484人(30.84%),其中纯音听阈测试异常者3 442人次,血压明显偏高者85人次。但参加复查人数仅占27.93%(973/3 484)。共检出职业禁忌证306例(2.71%),其中各种原因引起的永久性感音神经性听力损失者119例,双耳高频平均听阈≥40 d BHL者129例。结论调查显示,上岗前职业健康检查发现了较多职业禁忌证人员,有利于企业合理安排其工作,减少职业病的发生,保护劳动者健康。
Objective To understand the health status of workers before employment, early detection of occupational contraindications and other major diseases, and provide an objective basis for enterprises to scientifically and reasonably arrange laborers to engage in occupational hazards. Methods Based on the GBZ 188-2007 Occupational Health Monitoring Technical Code, 11 298 laborers preparing to engage in noise work in Jiangyin City from January 2009 to September 2014 were pre-appointment occupational health examination and the results were analyzed. Results Among 11 298 laborers, 5 915 (52.35%) were found to have other diseases or abnormalities; 3 484 (30.84%) were found to be abnormal in the project indicators related to exposure to occupational hazards, of which 3 442 were abnormal tone threshold tests, 85 people were obviously higher blood pressure. However, only 27.93% participated in the review (973/3484). A total of 306 cases (2.71%) of occupational contraindications were detected, including 119 cases of permanent sensorineural hearing loss caused by various causes and 129 cases of high-frequency average hearing threshold of ≥40 days in both ears. Conclusion The survey shows that occupational health examination before the appointment of more occupational taboos found in the staff is conducive to the rational organization of their work to reduce the incidence of occupational diseases and protect the health of workers.