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材料是新技术发展的基础,因为各个新兴技术领域,都要有各自要求的材料。在新技术革命的形势下,从事金属材料及热处理的工作者,需要重新认识金属材料,要深入了解金属材料的功能,发掘材料的潜在性能。所以开发及利用金属材料功能的问题,是值得我们探讨的。按材料的功能,日本学者把材料分为结构材料与功能材料,(日文称“构造材料”与“机能材料”)以及介于二者之间的材料(例如,多孔过滤材料等)。功能材料中有把某一物理量变为另一物理量的变换材料。例如,具有电和光、电与磁或电与热之间的变换功能的材料。这些材料在外因的作用下,内部的电子、离子、声子、光子之间发生能量变换的微观现象,这是狭义的功能材料。结构材料则是以结构性起作用的材料。此处,材料的结构性是指材料在外力作用下,不变形、不破坏的性能。这两大类材料
Materials are the basis for the development of new technologies, as each emerging technology area must have its own required materials. In the new technological revolution, workers engaged in metal materials and heat treatment need to re-understand the metal materials, to understand the function of metal materials, and explore the potential performance of the material. Therefore, the issue of developing and utilizing the function of metal materials is worth our exploration. According to the function of materials, Japanese scholars classify materials into structural materials and functional materials, (“structural materials” and “functional materials”), and materials in between (for example, porous filter materials and the like ). Functional materials have a physical volume into another physical transformation of the material. For example, a material that has electrical and optical, electrical and magnetic or electrical and thermal conversion capabilities. These materials in the external causes, the internal electron, ion, phonon, photon energy transformation between the microscopic phenomenon, which is a narrow sense of the functional material. Structural materials are structurally functional materials. Here, the structural material refers to the material under the action of external force, not deformed, non-destructive performance. These two categories of materials