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油罐火热辐射是导致油罐火灾蔓延的主要因素,为此开展了邻近油罐受热辐射后罐壁热辐射通量分布特点的研究。基于油罐火焰特性和大直径池火灾模型相关研究成果,采用FDS软件建立大直径油罐火灾几何模型,分别模拟3 000 m3、5 000 m3、10 000 m3拱顶汽油罐的燃烧和传热过程,分析油罐燃烧参数的变化,得出L/D(L为油罐间距,D为油罐直径)分别为0.6、1.0、1.5时邻近油罐的热辐射通量分布规律。结果表明:火灾环境下邻近油罐正对着火罐方向罐壁受辐射作用最大,热辐射通量从罐顶至罐底逐渐降低,从中心向两边呈轴对称降低。当L/D相同时,3 000 m3油罐的热辐射通量最大,其次是5 000 m3、10 000 m3的油罐;而当油罐容积相同时,L/D越大,邻近油罐罐壁的热辐射通量越小。将FDS模拟计算得到的热辐射通量与理论计算值进行对比,发现模拟值与理论值相差较小且变化趋势一致。研究结果有助于油罐火灾的预防、控制及扑救,消防规范编制,以及储油罐区的设计。
The fiery radiant heat of the tank is the main factor leading to the fire spread of the tank. Therefore, the study on the distribution characteristics of thermal radiation fluxes of the tank wall after the adjacent tank is heated and radiated is carried out. Based on the related research results of flame characteristics of tank and large-diameter tank fire model, a geometric model of large-diameter tank fire was established by using FDS software to simulate the combustion and heat transfer process of 3 000 m3, 5 000 m3, 10 000 m3 vault gasoline tanks respectively The variation of combustion parameters of the oil tank was analyzed. The heat radiation flux distribution of the adjacent oil tank with L / D (L is the oil tank spacing and D is the oil tank diameter) were respectively 0.6,1.0,1.5. The results show that the adjacent tanks are exposed to the fire in the direction of the tank wall, and the heat radiation flux gradually decreases from the top of the tank to the bottom of the tank, decreasing from the center to both sides symmetrically. When the L / D is the same, the thermal radiation flux of the 3 000 m3 oil tank is the highest, followed by the oil tank of 5000 m3 and 10000 m3. When the tank volume is the same, the L / D is larger and the adjacent tank tank The smaller the wall’s thermal radiation flux. Comparing the thermal radiation flux simulated by FDS with the theoretical calculation value, it is found that there is little difference between the simulation value and the theoretical value and the change trend is consistent. The results contribute to the prevention, control and rescue of oil fires, the establishment of fire codes and the design of oil storage areas.