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目的了解某社区医院住院儿童疾病流行特征及变化趋势,为社区儿童疾病防治工作和医疗资源配置提供依据。方法收集某社区医院2006-2012年的0~12岁的住院儿童电子病历资料,使用SAS 8.0软件进行统计分析。结果该社区医院住院儿童前6位主要诊断疾病分别是呼吸系统疾病(56.82%),起源于围生期的某些情况(21.27%),传染病和寄生虫病(6.71%),消化系统疾病(5.25%),损伤、中毒和外因的某些其他后果(3.68%),血液及造血器官疾病和某些涉及免疫机制的疾病(1.05%),总共占94.78%。呼吸系统疾病呈上升趋势(P<0.05)。呼吸系统疾病年龄分布无差异,其余5类疾病年龄分布均存在差异(P<0.05)。女性更容易患血液系统、造血器官及某些涉及免疫机制的疾病(P<0.05)。结论该医院住院儿童疾病流行特征体现了严重威胁儿童健康的几类疾病,相关卫生部门应加强对社区基层医院的建设,强调其初级卫生保健的关键作用。
Objective To understand the epidemiological features and trends of hospitalized children in a community hospital and provide evidences for the prevention and treatment of community-based children’s diseases and the allocation of medical resources. Methods The electronic medical records of hospitalized children aged 0-12 years in a community hospital from 2006 to 2012 were collected and analyzed by using SAS 8.0 software. Results The top 6 most commonly diagnosed diseases of hospitalized children in this community hospital were respiratory system diseases (56.82%), some cases of perinatal origin (21.27%), infectious and parasitic diseases (6.71%), digestive diseases (5.25%), some other consequences of injury, poisoning and exogenous factors (3.68%), blood and hematopoietic diseases and some diseases involving immune mechanisms (1.05%), accounting for a total of 94.78%. Respiratory diseases showed an upward trend (P <0.05). There was no difference in age distribution of respiratory diseases, and the age distribution of the other five diseases were different (P <0.05). Women are more likely to suffer from hematological disorders, hematopoietic organs, and certain diseases involving immune mechanisms (P <0.05). Conclusion The epidemiological characteristics of hospitalized children in this hospital embody several diseases that seriously threaten the health of children. Related health departments should strengthen the construction of community primary hospitals and emphasize the key role of primary health care.