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经过三十多年的改革开放,我国农村的经济、社会结构发生了翻天覆地的变化。但是,在经济快速发展的同时,环境问题也日益突出。尤其是农村的垃圾污染问题,垃圾种类、数量不断增加,面源污染也越发严重。应然层面上,是农村环境立法不足、农民环保意识不强等造成的,但是实然层面上,是“城市中心主义”的环保思维、农村垃圾治理的共有性所导致的市场失灵、政府失灵的悲剧性的结果。所以,仅仅加强农村环境的专门性立法是远远不够的。在面对“公地悲剧”、集体行动陷入困境等问题时,具有先天优势的农村自治组织不失为一个很好的选择,再配套以相应的监督机制。惟其如此,我国农村垃圾污染防治工作才能取得突破性进展。
After more than 30 years of reform and opening up, the economic and social structure of our country has undergone tremendous changes. However, with the rapid economic development, environmental issues have become increasingly prominent. In particular, garbage pollution in rural areas, the types of garbage, the increasing number of non-point source pollution is also more and more serious. At the corresponding level, it is caused by the lack of legislation in the rural environment and the poor awareness of environmental protection among peasants. However, in reality, it is the market failure caused by the “urban centralism” environmental protection thinking and the commonality of rural waste management, The tragic result of government failure. Therefore, it is far from enough to strengthen specialized legislation in the rural environment. In the face of “tragedy of the commons ”, the collective action is in trouble and other issues, the rural self-governing organization with inherent advantages is a good choice, accompanied by the corresponding supervision mechanism. Only in this way can our country’s rural garbage pollution prevention and control work make a breakthrough.