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本文介绍一种特效抗疱疹病毒剂——阿昔洛韦。它是无环脱氧鸟嘌呤核苷的同型物,是一种病毒抑制剂,能选择性抑制病毒的DNA聚合酶,对宿主的细胞毒性甚低。体外试验具有抗胸腺嘧啶激酶阳性的疱疹病毒活性,尤以抗单纯疱疹Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型最佳,其次是抗水痘、带状疱疹病毒和EB病毒;对巨细胞病毒则几无作用。临床应用该药治疗单纯疱疹和带状疱疹,各种途径(外用、口服、静注)给药,对缩短病程、减轻症状均有显著疗效,且无明显严重副作用。故认为可作为治疗严重病毒感染之首选药物。对一些复发性疱疹患者,可用本药预防治疗,以减少复发。由于此药从肾脏排出,故肾功能不良者慎用。
This article describes a special anti-herpes zoster virus agent - acyclovir. It is an acyclic deoxyguanosine isoform that is a viral inhibitor that selectively inhibits viral DNA polymerases and has low cytotoxicity to the host. In vitro tests showed anti-thymidine kinase-positive herpes simplex virus activity, especially against herpes simplex type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ the best, followed by anti-chickenpox, herpes zoster virus and Epstein-Barr virus; cytokines are few effect. Clinical application of the drug treatment of herpes simplex and shingles, a variety of ways (external use, oral, intravenous) administration, to shorten the course of the disease, reduce symptoms have a significant effect, and no significant side effects. It is considered as the treatment of severe viral infection of choice for drugs. For some patients with recurrent herpes, the drug can be used to prevent treatment to reduce recurrence. As the drug is excreted from the kidneys, so renal dysfunction with caution.