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[目的]弄清土壤污染的生物修复作用机理。[方法]通过果园田间试验和土壤模拟试验,研究施用果树生物有机肥对果园土壤中酶活性(土壤多酚氧化酶用邻苯三酚比色法测定,蔗糖酶用磷钼酸比色法测定,磷酸酶用磷酸苯二钠法测定,脲酶用靛酚比色法测定)、有害重金属的吸附-解吸作用、土壤微生物区系、有害病源菌数量的影响,以摸清施用果树生物有机肥对果园土壤生物修复的作用。[结果]生物有机肥提高了根域土壤多酚氧化酶、脲酶、磷酸酶的活力,提高幅度分别为0.4～0.7mg/g、0.09～0.12mg/g、0.4～0.5mg/g;降低了土壤蔗糖酶活性,降低幅度为0.4～0.8mg/g。生物有机肥促进了根域土壤对Pb2+等重金属的钝化。吸附曲线表明,生物有机肥、鸡粪对Pb2+的吸附量在溶液中Pb2+的初始浓度为200mg/L时达到最大(分别为61.7、24.7mg/kg),且生物有机肥对Pb2+的吸附量始终大于干鸡粪(高6.0%～20%);解吸曲线表明,生物肥、鸡粪在溶液中Pb2+初始浓度为600mg/L时,对Pb2+的释放量达到最大(分别为14.1、21.0mg/kg),且生物肥对Pb2+的解吸释放量始终低于干鸡粪(低3.1%～18.6%)。生物有机肥增加了有益真菌、放线菌、细菌等活性菌的数量,增幅分别为0.7～1.4倍、1.0～1.5倍、0.4～3.0倍,其中土壤硅酸盐细菌增加了0.15～3.50倍。生物有机肥降低了根腐病菌、疫腐病菌、白/紫纹羽病菌和线虫等有害生物的数量,其中,果园根域土壤白/紫纹羽病菌及白绢病菌的数量,施生物有机肥的平均比施用干鸡粪的下降了29.4%,比未施有机肥的下降了55.4%,经方差检验差异极显著。[结论]该研究为生物有机肥在果实上的推广应用提供了依据。
[Objective] To clarify the mechanism of bioremediation of soil pollution. [Method] Through the orchard field experiment and soil simulation test, the effect of applying organic fertilizer of fruit tree on the activity of soil orchard soil was determined by pyrogallol colorimetric assay and the activity of sucrase by phosphomolybdic acid colorimetry , The determination of phosphatase by phenyl-disodium phosphate method, and the determination of urease by indophenol colorimetric method), the adsorption-desorption of harmful heavy metals, the flora of soil microorganisms and the number of harmful pathogenic bacteria. Orchard soil bioremediation role. [Result] Bio-organic fertilizer increased the activity of polyphenol oxidase, urease and phosphatase in the soil of root zone with the increment of 0.4-0.7 mg / g, 0.09-0.12 mg / g and 0.4-0.5 mg / g, respectively, Soil invertase activity, reduced by 0.4 ~ 0.8mg / g. Bio-organic fertilizer promoted the passivation of Pb2 + and other heavy metals in root soil. The adsorption curves showed that the adsorption amount of Pb2 + by bio-organic fertilizer and chicken manure reached the maximum when the initial concentration of Pb2 + in solution was 200 mg / L (61.7 and 24.7 mg / kg, respectively), and the biosorption of Pb2 + (6.0% ~ 20% higher than that of dried chicken manure). The desorption curve showed that the release of Pb2 + was the highest when the initial concentration of Pb2 + was 600 mg / L in biological manure and chicken manure respectively (14.1 and 21.0 mg / kg ), And the desorption of Pb2 + by biological fertilizer was always lower than that of dry chicken manure (3.1% ~ 18.6% lower). Bio-organic fertilizer increased the number of active fungi, actinomycetes, bacteria and other active bacteria, increased by 0.7 to 1.4 times, 1.0 to 1.5 times, 0.4 to 3.0 times, including soil silicate bacteria increased 0.15 to 3.50 times. Bio-organic fertilizer reduced the number of pests such as root rot fungus, white rot fungi and nematodes, among which, the number of white / purple stalk and white rot pathogen in the soil in the orchard root zone, Decreased by 29.4% compared with dry manure and 55.4% lower than that without organic manure, which was significantly different by variance test. [Conclusion] This study provided the basis for the popularization and application of bio-organic fertilizer on the fruit.