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中国自古就是农业大国,农民问题是近代以来关乎国计民生的基本问题,而土地问题又是农民问题的核心。国民党并非没有意识到土地问题和农民问题的重要性,但上世纪30年代在大陆的土地改革终因失去了农民的支持而失败,最终由中国共产党在新民主主义革命中完成。国民党在50年代败走台湾、内外交困的局面下,重新推行“土地改革”政策,却成绩斐然,为国民党在政治经济上的生存创造了条件。为什么同是国民党推动的土地改革,结果会如此大的不同?通过对背景、过程、结果的比较,笔者认为:造成这种差异的主要原因无疑是时代背景的巨大变迁,而政策的具体内容与实施绩效不同亦对差异形成有一定影响。
China has been an agricultural country since ancient times. The peasantry issue has always been the basic issue concerning the national economy and the people’s livelihood since the modern era. The land issue is also the core of the peasant issue. The Kuomintang did not fail to recognize the importance of the land issue and the peasant issue. However, the land reform in mainland China failed in the 1930s due to the loss of peasants’ support and was eventually completed by the Chinese Communist Party in the new-democratic revolution. Under the situation that Taiwan’s KMT defeated Taiwan in the 1950s and was experiencing difficulties both internally and externally, the Kuomintang reemerged its “land reform” policy and achieved impressive results, setting the stage for the Kuomintang’s political and economic survival. Why the same is the land reform promoted by the Kuomintang, the result will be so different? By comparing the background, the process and the result, the author thinks that the main reason for causing such a difference is undoubtedly a tremendous change in the background of the times. The specific content of the policy Different implementation performance also has a certain impact on the formation of differences.