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我厂1980年实行扩权试点,到1984年整五年。五年中,前两年工业总产值以平均16%的速度递增,实现利润以平均29%的速度递增。后三年却每况愈下,1982年实现利润比上年下降17.4%,1983年比1982年下降6%,1984年比1983年又下降42%。前两年的发展主要得益于客观条件。一是消费者的需求速增,持币抢购的卖方市场促进了生产的发展;二是近郊农村廉价的半成品加工,为扩大生产能力提供了基地;三是以税代利、自负盈亏试点,企业有了活力,职工积极性普遍高涨,保证了挖潜增产。后三年的不景气,主要是客观形势变化了,思想上没有及时“转轨变型”。1982年,改革逐步深入,原来三个有利条件迅速变化。一是供求关系日趋平衡,由于缺乏技术储备和对新产品的研制,加上忽视质量,结果在激烈竞争中几次被迫限产、降价,实现利润以年平均32%的速度下降。二是消费者
Our factory implemented the pilot project of expanding the power in 1980, and it was the entire five years of 1984. In the five years, the gross industrial output value of the previous two years increased at an average rate of 16%, and the profits increased by an average of 29%. In the following three years, it went from bad to worse. In 1982, profits decreased by 17.4% compared with the previous year. In 1983, they decreased by 6% compared with 1982. In 1984, they decreased by 42% compared with 1983. The development in the first two years was mainly due to objective conditions. First, the rapid increase in consumer demand, the seller’s market for currency acquisitions has promoted the development of production, and second, the suburban rural areas’ low-cost semi-finished products processing provides a base for expanding production capacity. Third, the tax incentives and self-financing pilot projects have been adopted. With dynamism, the enthusiasm of employees has generally risen, which has ensured the potential for increased production. The downturn in the last three years was mainly due to the change in the objective situation and the lack of timely “transformation and transformation.” In 1982, the reform gradually deepened, and the original three favorable conditions changed rapidly. First, the relationship between supply and demand has become increasingly balanced. Due to the lack of technical reserves and the development of new products, as well as the neglect of quality, the result has been forced to limit production and price cuts several times in the fierce competition, and profits have declined at an annual average rate of 32%. The second is the consumer