论文部分内容阅读
随着ESWL和经皮肾镜技术的发展,传统的开放手术将只用于治疗复杂性肾结石(鹿角状结石,多发性结石和伴解剖异常的结石)。以往开放性手术后结石残存率为20～45%,残存结石碎片使结石复发率大为提高(15～80%)。为减少复发率,必须在首次手术前作好结石定位,以利取净结石。现介绍几种定位方法: X线拍片术前静脉造影、断层摄影和拍摄恰当的正、斜位片对诊断肾结石及其位置是非常重要的,由于结石常伴有肾盂梗阻,仅静脉造影尚不能看清肾内解剖,结合逆行性肾盂造影、荧光透视很有必要。由于肾为三维结构,必须从多个方向观察以了解结石是位于前组肾盏还是后组肾盏,结石距肾表
With the development of ESWL and percutaneous nephrolithotomy techniques, traditional open surgery will only be used to treat complex nephrolithiasis (staghorn stones, multiple stones, and abnormal anatomical stones). In the past, open residual stones after surgery residual rate of 20 to 45%, residual stone fragments to stone recurrence rate increased significantly (15 to 80%). In order to reduce the recurrence rate, we must make the stone positioning before the first operation in order to benefit the net stones. Now introduce several positioning methods: X-ray preoperative venography, tomography and filming the correct positive and oblique films on the diagnosis of kidney stones and their location is very important, because stones often accompanied by renal pelvic obstruction, only venography Can not see the anatomy of the kidney, combined with retrograde pyelography, fluoroscopy is necessary. As the kidney is a three-dimensional structure, we must observe from multiple directions to see whether the stone is located in the former group of calyces or the latter group of calyces, stones from the kidney