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化学信使或“激素”的概念是由于Bayliss和Starling在1902年的开拓性研究而首先认识到的,他们发现,用酸灌流肠后引起胰腺分泌,并且注入粗制的十二指肠粘膜提取物对胰腺可产生类似的作用。激素的经典的定义是:“在身体某些部位的细胞产生、并被血液运送到远隔部位,影响作为一个整体的机体的任何物质”。后来由于发现许多激素像在远隔部位一样在局部起作用,从而认为激素是“溶解在细胞外液中并在细胞之间传递信息的化学信使”。新近研究提示,可能必
The concept of chemical messengers or “hormones” was first recognized by pioneering studies by Bayliss and Starling in 1902, and they found that pancreatic secretion was induced by perfused intestines with acid, and the crude duodenal mucosal extract was infused The pancreas can produce a similar effect. The classic definition of hormones is: “The cells in certain parts of the body are produced and transported by the bloodstream to distant sites, affecting any substance as a whole body.” Later, hormones were considered “chemical messengers that dissolve in the extracellular fluid and transmit the information between the cells,” because many of the hormones found to act locally like the distant site. Recent research suggests that it may be necessary