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宅基地复垦为一大研究热点,在宅基复垦地上种植小麦存在产量低、氮肥利用率低等问题。为探索宅基复垦地上的小麦氮肥最佳施用模式,研究以山农15为试验材料,在宅基复垦地上进行田间试验。试验研究了控释肥(小麦专用控释掺混肥,氮肥为控释尿素,释放期130天)和非控肥(普通尿素配施磷酸二铵和硫酸钾)的全量(330 kg hm-2)与半量(165 kg hm-2)、表施(土表下5 cm)与深施(土表下20 cm)对小麦产量、土壤氨挥发总量、小麦各生育期土壤耕层全氮含量、氮肥利用率及小麦经济效益的影响。结果表明,与非控肥相比,控释肥各处理的宅基复垦地小麦产量增加19.30%~30.53%,氨挥发总量减少39.02%~83.60%,小麦各生育期土壤耕层土壤全氮含量较高,氮肥利用效率也显著提高,其中,以控释肥半量深施处理的氨挥发总量最少,肥料利用效率最高,经济效益最大,净收入增产达3208.2 yuan hm-2。综合分析,小麦控释肥165 kg hm-2深施,可作为宅基复垦地上小麦氮肥施用的推广利用模式。
Reclamation of homestead is a hot research topic. The yield of wheat planted on land reclamation land is low, and the utilization of nitrogen fertilizer is low. In order to explore the best application mode of wheat nitrogen fertilizers on homestead reclamation land, a field experiment was conducted on the land reclamation sites with Shannong 15 as experimental material. The effects of controlled release fertilizer (wheat special controlled release fertilizer, controlled release urea nitrogen, release period 130 days) and non-controlled fertilizer (normal urea combined with diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate) (165 kg hm-2), surface application (5 cm under the subsurface) and deep application (20 cm under the subsurface) on wheat yield, total ammonia volatilization, soil total nitrogen content , Nitrogen use efficiency and the economic benefits of wheat. The results showed that compared with non-manure control, wheat yield increased by 19.30% -30.53% and total ammonia volatilization decreased by 39.02% -83.60% compared with non-manure control. The total nitrogen Higher nitrogen use efficiency was also observed. Among them, the semi-amount controlled release fertilizer had the least amount of ammonia volatilization, the highest fertilizer use efficiency and the largest economic benefit, and the net income increased by 3208.2 yuan hm-2. According to the comprehensive analysis, the controlled application of wheat at a rate of 165 kg hm-2 could be used as a mode of popularization and utilization of nitrogen fertilizer applied to above-ground wheat in homestead reclamation.