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本文论述了钻探磨料、钻头和钻进工艺三个方面的技术现状和技术水平。目前,许多国家都在大力发展人造金刚石,它在钻探上的应用有三种形式,即单晶体、复合体和聚晶体,后者较有发展前途。在钻头方面,总的发展趋势是研制高效、长寿、低成本的人造金刚石钻头。本文从钻进工艺发展的角度论述了对钻头性能的一系列要求。在钻进工艺方面,探讨了当前广泛应用的几种钻探方法的应用范周、经济效果、关健问题和今后发展。这些钻探方法包括跟臂钻进、绳索取心钻进、反循环取心钻进、空气吹井金刚石取心钻进、无岩心钻进、取岩屑钻进、真空取样钻进、定向钻进及分支孔钻进等。本文在综合分析了钻探磨料、钻头和钻进工艺主要发展趋势的基础上,结合我国的具体情况谈了个人的一些看法。
This article discusses the technical status and technical level of drilling abrasive, drill bit and drilling technology. At present, many countries are making great efforts to develop man-made diamond. Its application in drilling has three forms, that is, single crystal, complex and polycrystal, the latter has more development prospects. In the drill bit, the general trend is to develop efficient, long life, low cost synthetic diamond drill. This paper discusses a series of requirements on drill performance from the perspective of drilling technology development. In the aspect of drilling technology, the application range, economic effect, key problems and future development of several drilling methods widely used are discussed. These drilling methods include drilling with the arm, coring drilling ropes, reverse circulation coring drilling, air blow drilling diamond coring, coreless drilling, rock drilling, vacuum sampling drilling, directional drilling and Branch hole drilling and so on. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the main development trends of drilling abrasives, drill bits and drilling technology, this article talks about some personal opinions based on the specific conditions in our country.