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1994～1995年非洲的加蓬、扎伊尔等国发生了病死率极高的出血热流行.1996年流行呈扩大趋势,先后在加蓬、象牙海岸、利比亚和南非发现病例.几次大流行均引起国际卫生界的高度关注,WHO、美国CDC先后派专家赴流行区调查,确定了埃博拉(Ebola)病毒为病原体.该病毒为一种RNA病毒,属丝状病毒科.病毒颗粒直径约100nm,长300～1500nm,表面有约10nm的突起.病毒感染Vero细胞可形成包涵体,内含原纤维或颗粒状物呈管状结构.该病毒现已确定有3个变种,即扎伊尔型、苏丹型和Reston型.病毒自身变异很大,如加蓬株与苏丹Maleo株同源性为77.3%,加蓬株与玛尔堡POPP株和Ma-soke株同源性仅为71.3%和69.4%.这种变异有可能使致病力更强,更易于传播和难以控制.由于该病起病急、病死率高,故国际医学界对此进行了广泛研究.本文就流行病学研究近况作一综述.
The epidemic of hemorrhagic fever with the highest mortality rate occurred in countries of Gabon and Zaire of Africa from 1994 to 1995. The epidemic was an expanding trend in 1996 and cases were successively detected in Gabon, Ivory Coast, Libya and South Africa, followed by several pandemics The international health community is highly concerned about the WHO, the United States CDC has sent experts to the epidemic area investigation to determine the Ebola virus as the pathogen. The virus is an RNA virus, is a filamentous virus virus particles diameter of about 100nm , The length of 300 ~ 1500nm, the surface of about 10nm of the protrusion.Vero cells infected with Vero cells can form inclusions, containing fibrils or granular tube was tubular structure.The virus has now identified three varieties, namely Zai Er, Sudan and Reston. The virus itself varies greatly. For example, the homology between Gabon strain and Sudan maleo strain is 77.3%, and that between Gabon strain and Marburg POPP strain and Ma-soke strain is only 71.3% and 69.4% respectively. This mutation may make the pathogenicity stronger, more easily spread and difficult to control.Because of the acute onset of the disease, high mortality, so the international medical community conducted a wide range of research.In this paper, the epidemiological study of a Summary.