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气候变化关系到人类的可持续发展,成为各国经济发展、能源应用的硬约束。《联合国气候变化框架公约》与《京都议定书》是全球应对气候变化的具有强制约束力的国际条约,它们的实施,推动了利用市场机制减缓与适应气候变化的进程。除了全球合作外,各国政府也制定了相关应对气候变化的法律与政策。英国于2008年11月26日通过《气候变化法》,成为世界上首个将法定温室气体减排目标写进法律的国家。澳大利亚、欧盟、美国根据各自政府的减排目标,相关立法工作各有特色。
Climate change has a bearing on the sustainable development of mankind and has become a hard constraint on the economic development and energy use of all countries. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol are the global binding international treaties on climate change. Their implementation has promoted the process of using market mechanisms to mitigate and adapt to climate change. In addition to global cooperation, governments have also developed relevant laws and policies to combat climate change. The United Kingdom passed the Climate Change Law on November 26, 2008, making it the first country in the world to write down the legal greenhouse gas emission reduction targets in the law. Australia, the European Union, the United States according to their respective government’s emission reduction targets, the relevant legislative work has its own characteristics.