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在人体中至少有七个遗传的因素影响着运动员的运动能力如:身高、体重、四肢长度、肌肉长度、肌腱附着点,肌纤维类型以及脂肪的百分比。这些遗传因素中的每一个因素与运动成绩的联系都很密切。身高身高常常是选择运动项目的一个主要决定因素。例如,大多数成功的篮球、排球和美式足球运动员其身高都是在人的平均身高之上;相反,在体操、跳水和摔跤项目上的许多运动员却是处在平均身高之下。通常在田径项目中,大多数跳高运动员的身材是比较高的,而大多数长跑运动员则相对较矮。
At least seven genetic factors in the human body affect the athlete’s motor ability such as height, weight, limb length, muscle length, tendon attachment point, muscle fiber type and percentage of fat. Each of these genetic factors are linked to athletic performance. Standing height is often a major determinant of sports choices. For example, most successful basketball, volleyball and American footballers are tall above average human height; on the contrary, many athletes on gymnastics, diving and wrestling are under average height. Most track and field athletes usually have a tall build, while most runners are relatively short.