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一在苏联,拟制定型住宅设计和在建设实践中采用新设计的周期一般为十到十五年。例如,1964—1968年所拟定的住宅定型设计与1969—1974年所拟定的新住宅定型设计在1975年同时采用。可见,在同—个时期内经常采用不同阶段所拟制的设计。 1973—1974年和1977年,苏联在全国范围内举行了两次适合于大规模建造的住宅设计竞赛,其目的都是为1981年开始的住宅建设提供设计方案。其一,1973—1974年,苏联国家建委,国家民用建筑委员会和苏联建筑师协会共同举办了一次住宅竞赛。其二,1977年,苏联国家民用建筑委员会和苏联建筑师协会共同举办了一次内部竞赛。两次竞赛的大纲都要求所设计的方案应进一步改进大规模建造的住宅的质量,改善居住条件,提高居住的舒适性,适应城市规划多样化要求,个体建筑及建筑群的艺术水平要富有表现力。
In the Soviet Union, the period for the proposed design of a dwelling house and the adoption of new designs in construction practice is generally ten to fifteen years. For example, the residential stereotypes designed from 1964 to 1968 and the new residential stereotyped designs from 1969 to 1974 were adopted in 1975. It can be seen that in the same period of time, the designs developed in different stages are often used. In 1973-1974 and 1977, the Soviet Union held two national housing design competitions suitable for large-scale construction nationwide. The purpose was to provide design plans for housing construction that began in 1981. First, from 1973 to 1974, the Soviet National Construction Committee, the National Civil Construction Commission and the Soviet Union of Architects jointly organized a residential competition. Second, in 1977, the Soviet National Civil Construction Commission and the Soviet Union Architects jointly organized an internal competition. The outlines of the two competitions require that the designed project should further improve the quality of large-scale residential construction, improve living conditions, improve living comfort, adapt to the diversified requirements of urban planning, and demonstrate the artistic level of individual buildings and buildings. force.