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长期以来,人们曾经认为地球是个迥转扁球体。但是,由于近代科学技术的发展,特别是由人造地球卫星的观测资料,使我们认识到:地球的整个形态,即大地水准面的形状,并不是迥转扁球体,而是一个梨形,见图1。由图1可以清楚的看出:在北半球的高纬区和南半球的低纬区及中纬区,大地水准面都略高于参考扁球体的表面;在北半球的低纬区和南半球的高纬区大地水准面均低于参考扁球体的表面。在南半球的极区比参考扁球体的表面低30米,北半球极区比参
For a long time, people once thought that the earth was a translucent sphere. However, due to the development of science and technology in modern times, especially the observation data of man-made earth satellites, we have realized that the entire shape of the earth, that is, the shape of the geoid, is not a translucent sphere, but rather a pear shape. See figure 1. As can be clearly seen from Figure 1, in the high latitudes of the northern hemisphere and the low latitudes and mid-latitudes of the southern hemisphere, the geoid is slightly higher than that of the reference lenticule; in the low latitudes of the northern hemisphere and the latitudes of high latitudes The geoid of the area is lower than that of the reference flat sphere. The polar region in the southern hemisphere is 30 meters below the surface of the reference oblate sphere, and the polar region in the northern hemisphere is less than the reference