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一、前言地体的构造学研究经历着由浅入深逐步发展的历史。最初是构造地质学,它在十九世纪已发展为地质科学中一个独立的分支学科,它的主要研究对象,是浅表裸露岩层和岩体的各种构造形态及其成因。大地构造学的观念早有论述,但直到二十世纪初期,当地槽地台学说开始问世之后,它才具有较明确的研究领域,它的研究对象扩展到以前寒武纪变质岩系为基底的整个陆壳上部,描述和推论它们的构造形态及其演化历史,在理论思考上它已触及全球陆壳与洋壳以及壳下物质的运动,但它研究的直接对象仍主要局限于陆壳上部。本世纪六、七十年代以来,全球构造学迅速发展起来,它的研究对象已扩展到全球包括陆壳和洋壳在内的整个岩石圈。全球构造学,在理论上,目前是以板块构造学说为主导的。从大地构造学到全球构造学的发展,思维观念的变化虽然重要,但更主要的是,地体构造学的研究领域获得了真实的进展。当前地球科学的构造观念是建立在全球岩石圈的构造研究之上的。
First, the preface The tectonic study of the Earth experienced a gradual development from light to deep history. Originally tectonic geology, it developed into an independent branch of geology in the nineteenth century. Its main object of study is various tectonic forms and their causes of shallow exposed rock formations and rock mass. The concept of tectonics has long been discussed, but it was not until the early years of the twentieth century that the theory of terrestrial troughs and territories began to come into existence that it had a more definite field of research. Its object of study was extended to the basalts of the Precambrian metamorphic series In the upper part of the whole continental crust, their tectonic forms and their evolution history are described and deduced. In theory, it has touches on global crustal and oceanic crust and the movement of matter under the crust, but its direct object of study is still mainly confined to the upper part of continental crust . Since the 1960s and 1970s, global tectonics has developed rapidly. Its research object has been extended to the entire lithosphere including the continental crust and the oceanic crust. Global tectonics, in theory, is dominated by plate tectonics. From the tectonism to the development of global tectonics, though the change of the thinking concept is important, more importantly, the research field of the tectonology has made real progress. The current tectonic concept of earth science is based on the study of the tectonics of the global lithosphere.