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为了解目前浙江省市场食用菌重金属铅、镉污染现状及其食用风险,于2009年采集浙江省食用菌市场和基地的香菇、黑木耳样品169份及基质样品16份,分析其重金属铅、镉含量。结果发现,食用菌中铅、镉含量变异较大,变异系数可高达127.2%。供试食用菌均受到不同程度的铅、镉污染,约10%黑木耳样品中的铅、镉含量及12.5%干香菇样品中的镉含量超过国家标准;对基质样品的分析发现,香菇对基质中的镉具有强富集能力,富集系数可高达14,而黑木耳对镉的富集系数最高只有2.4,供试香菇、黑木耳对铅的富集系数都在2.0以下。根据人体膳食摄入风险分析,浙江省市场食用菌总体较安全,铅、镉平均人体摄入量低于允许量,但部分食用菌镉污染程度较高,超过了允许摄入量,存在食用风险。建议对于食用菌应建立长期预警监测和风险评估机制。
In order to understand the present status of edible fungus lead and cadmium pollution in edible fungus market in Zhejiang Province and its risk of eating, 169 mushrooms and black fungus samples of shiitake mushrooms and black fungus were collected in 2009 from Zhejiang Edible Mushroom Market and base, and 16 samples of matrix were analyzed. content. The results showed that the content of lead and cadmium in edible mushrooms varied greatly, with a coefficient of variation as high as 127.2%. The tested edible fungi were all contaminated by lead and cadmium to some extent. The contents of lead and cadmium in about 10% of black fungus samples and cadmium content in 12.5% of dried shiitake mushroom samples exceeded the national standards. The analysis of matrix samples showed that the mushrooms’ In the cadmium has a strong enrichment ability, the enrichment coefficient can be as high as 14, while the highest fungus black fungus Cd enrichment coefficient of only 2.4, for test mushrooms, black fungus lead enrichment coefficient of 2.0 or less. According to the risk analysis of human dietary intake, the edible fungi in Zhejiang market are generally safer, the average human intake of lead and cadmium is lower than the allowable amount, but some edible fungi have a higher degree of cadmium pollution, which exceeds the allowable intake and risks of consumption . It is suggested that long-term early warning monitoring and risk assessment mechanisms should be established for edible mushrooms.