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多发性骨髓瘤(MM)是一种常见的浆细胞恶性肿瘤,好发于老年人,约2/3的MM患者易并发贫血。MM贫血会随着MM病情的进展而加重,严重影响患者的生活质量。MM贫血的发生机制主要包括细胞因子(如白介素-6、肿瘤坏死因子-α和白介素-1等)抑制红系造血、促红细胞生成素(EPO)减少、反复感染及血黏度升高等。目前针对MM贫血的治疗主要包括原发病治疗、输血治疗及EPO治疗等。本文简要综述MM贫血的发病机制及目前的治疗方法,旨在为MM的诊治提供理论依据。
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a common plasma cell malignancy that occurs in the elderly and about two thirds of patients with MM are prone to anemia. MM anemia with the progression of MM aggravate, seriously affecting the quality of life of patients. The pathogenesis of MM anemia mainly includes inhibition of erythrocyte hematopoiesis, reduction of erythropoietin (EPO), repeated infection and increase of blood viscosity by cytokines (such as interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1). The current treatment of anemia mainly includes the treatment of primary disease, blood transfusion and EPO treatment. This article briefly summarizes the pathogenesis of MM anemia and the current treatment methods to provide a theoretical basis for the diagnosis and treatment of MM.