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最近,家计委产业政策司邀清有关专家召开了“日本渡过两次石油危机的对策和产业结构调整”研讨会,讨论了日本渡过经济难关的政策和做法,对我国当前治理整顿的经济政策和产业结构调整提出了积极的建议。一、日本如何渡过两次石油危机日本是世界最大的石油输入国,所需石油几乎百分之百依靠进口,日本又是资本主义世界仅次于美国的第二大石油消费国,1973年和1979年接踵而至的两次石油危机,对于日本经济的打击之大和影响之深,可以想见。但日本很快摆脱了困境,尤其是比较顺利地渡过了第二次石油危机。这不能不说与日本政府稳定宏观经济和调整产业结构的一系列政策措施有密切关系。(一)应付两次石油危机的宏观经济对策1,压缩财政预算,削减公共开支。日本政府1974、1975年连续两年编制以抑制总需求
Recently, the Family Planning Commission Industrial Policy Department invited relevant experts to convene a seminar on “Japan’s strategy of crossing two oil crises and the readjustment of its industrial structure”, discussing Japan’s policies and practices of weathering the economic difficulties and reorganizing the current reorganization in our country Economic policy and industrial restructuring put forward positive suggestions. I. How Japan Took Two Oil Crises Japan is the world’s largest oil-importing country with almost 100% oil imports. Japan is also the second largest oil consumer in the capitalist world after the United States, and in 1973 and 1979 The ensuing oil crises of two times have great impact on Japan’s economy and its impact is to be expected. However, Japan quickly got out of its predicament, especially after its second oil crisis. This can not but be said to be closely related to a series of policy measures by the Japanese government to stabilize the macro economy and adjust the industrial structure. (I) Macroeconomic Countermeasures to Deal with Two Oil Crises 1. Reduce budget and cut public spending. The Japanese government 1974, 1975 for two consecutive years prepared to curb aggregate demand