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爪什则地区位于北纬35°13′～35°16′,东经102°28′～102°42′。东临甘肃省的夏河藏族自治县,西接本县的多哇牧业乡。海拔3400m,是该县的一个纯牧业区。植被在阳坡上生长着莎草科,禾本科植物,阴坡灌丛密生山柳,杜鹃、金露梅或锦鸡儿,山麓中上部可见小片云杉林,其余均为高山草甸草原呈退化型。1957年首次证实该地存在鼠疫自然疫源地,到1993年新发现疫点9个,鼠疫疫源面积为380平方公里,在该疫源地内检出鼠疫菌8株。现将结果报告如下。 一、主要宿主动物 疫源地内发现啮齿动物6科10属10种。喜马拉雅旱獭(Marmota hi malayana,以下简称旱獭)是该疫源地的优势种群,分布于山地森林和高山草甸草原交界地,呈岛状和带状分布,1981年选用路线目测法对不同生境的旱獭进行了密度调查,平均密度为1.5～2.5只/公顷。自1982年以来,由于连续鼠疫监测和有组织、有计划的捕獭灭獭工作,密度大幅度下降,1993年平均密度为0.253匹/公顷。 二、媒介蚤情况 共发现蚤3科6属8种,其中旱獭体表寄生蚤斧形盖蚤(Callopsylla·dolabris)和谢氏山蚤(Orpsylla·silantiewi)为优势种。1982年5月从1430只旱獭体表检蚤,其中染蚤旱獭559只,获蚤2688只,斧形盖蚤占60.0％,谢氏山蚤占38.2％,其它蚤占1.85。染蚤率为39.09％,蚤指数为1.88?
The claw area is located at latitude 35 ° 13 ’~ 35 ° 16’ and longitude 102 ° 28 ’~ 102 ° 42’. Xiahe Tibetan Autonomous County east of Gansu Province, west of the county’s multi-wow animal husbandry Township. 3400m above sea level, is a pure animal husbandry area of the county. Vegetation on the slopes of the Cyperaceae, grasses, shade shrubs dense hill willow, rhododendron, Jin Luomei or Caragana, foothills in the upper can be seen patch of spruce forest, the rest are alpine meadow steppe was degraded. In 1957, it was confirmed for the first time that there was a natural epidemic of plague in the area. By the year 1993, a total of 9 new epidemic spots were found. The plague origin area was 380 square kilometers and 8 strains of Yersinia pestis were found in the epidemic area. The results reported below. First, the main host animal foci found in rodents 6 families 10 genera and 10 species. Himalayan Marmot (Marmota hi malayana, hereinafter referred to as Marmota) is the dominant species of the foci, distributed in the mountain forests and alpine meadow grasslands at the junction of island and belt distribution in 1981 using the route visual method for different habitats Marmot density survey carried out, the average density of 1.5 to 2.5 / ha. Since 1982, the density has dropped significantly due to continuous plague surveillance and organized and planned otter otter work. The average density in 1993 was 0.253 hpa. There were 8 species, 6 genera, 3 families and 6 fleas in fleas. Among them, Callopsylla dolabris and Orpsylla silantiewi were the dominant species. In 1982 May from 1430 marmots body surface inspection flea, which dyed 559 Flea Marigolds fleas 2688, hatched flea accounted for 60.0%, Xie Shan Shan 38.2%, other fleas accounted for 1.85. Fleas rate was 39.09%, flea index was 1.88?