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目的:比较静脉补铁与口服补铁联合促红细胞生成素治疗维持性血液透析患者肾性贫血的疗效。方法:回顾性纳入平顶山市第一人民医院2019年5月至2021年5月收治的维持性血液透析的肾性贫血患者100例，根据治疗肾性贫血采取补铁方式分为静脉补铁组(静脉补铁联合促红细胞生成素)和口服补铁组(口服补铁联合促红细胞生成素)，每组50例。比较两组患者的治疗效果，治疗前和治疗12周后贫血指标和氧化应激指标，以及治疗期间不良反应发生情况。结果:治疗12周后，静脉补铁组患者治疗总有效率(94%，47/50)高于口服补铁组(74%，37/50)，n P<0.05。治疗12周后，静脉补铁组和口服补铁组患者血红蛋白(Hb)、红细胞压积(Hct)、血清铁蛋白(Hct)、转铁蛋白饱和度(TSAT)均高于同组治疗前(n P均<0.05)，且静脉补铁组高于口服补铁组(n P<0.05)。治疗12周后，静脉补铁组谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(HGSH-Px)、SOD均低于治疗前，而MDA高于治疗前(n P<0.05)，且静脉补铁组HGSH-Px、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)低于口服补铁组，而丙二醛(MDA)高于口服补铁组(n P0.05)。静脉补铁组不良反应发生率(8.0%，4/50)低于口服补铁组(38.0%，19/50)，n P<0.05。n 结论:静脉注射蔗糖铁补铁疗效更为显著，可快速有效地改善患者缺铁和贫血症状，提升铁的储备量，且不良反应发生率低，安全性较高，但静脉注射蔗糖铁补铁可能引起肾性贫血患者发生应激反应。“,”Objective:To compare the clinical efficacy of intravenous iron supplementation and oral iron supplementation combined with erythropoietin on renal anemia in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis.Methods:One hundred patients with renal anemia undergoing maintenance hemodialysis in Pingdingshan First People’s Hospital from May 2019 to May 2021 were included retrospectively. According to the ways of iron supplementation in the treatment of renal anemia, they were divided into intravenous iron supplementation group (intravenous administration of iron supplementation combined with erythropoietin) and oral iron supplementation group (oral administration of iron supplementation combined with erythropoietin), with 50 cases in each group. The clinical effect, anemia index and oxidative stress index before and after treatment for 12 weeks, and adverse reactions during treatment were compared between the two groups.Results:After 12 weeks of treatment, the total effective rate of intravenous iron supplementation group (94%, 47/50) was significantly higher than that of oral iron supplementation group (74%, 37/50), n P<0.05. After 12 weeks of treatment, hemoglobin, hematocrit, serum ferritin, transferrin saturation in the two groups were significantly higher than those before treatment (alln P<0.05), while these indexes in intravenous iron supplementation group were significantly higher than those in oral iron supplementation group (n P<0.05). After 12 weeks of treatment, glutathione peroxidase (HGSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were significantly lower than those before treatment, while malondialdehyde (MDA) was significantly higher than that before treatment in intravenous iron supplementation group (n P<0.05). The HGSH-Px and SOD in intravenous iron supplementation group were lower than those in oral iron supplementation group, while MDA was higher than that in oral iron supplementation group (n P0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in intravenous iron supplementation group (8.0%, 4/50) was significantly lower than that in oral iron supplementation group (38.0%, 19/50),n P<0.05.n Conclusions:Intravenous iron sucrose supplementation is more effective, which can quickly and effectively improve the symptoms of iron deficiency and anemia, and increase the iron reserve, of which the incidence of adverse reactions is low, with high safety. However, intravenous iron sucrose supplementation can cause stress reactions in patients with renal anemia.