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罗兰·巴特在经历了符号学科学阶段之后,认为人文科学应该质疑产生它的话语,希望产生一门幻想的科学。他认为由幻想产生科学的典范是米什莱,米什莱试图通过躯体的幻想归还一切历史记忆;傅立叶则通过幻想建立了快乐的系统学。通过强调幻想,巴特对西方人文科学进行批判,认为传统人文科学以真理、概念审查欲望,压制享乐,以简单整体化原则形成恐怖主义、独裁主义。
Roland Barthes, after going through the semiotic phase of science, believes that the humanities should question the words that produce it and hope to produce a fantasy science. He believed that the paradigm of science created by fantasy was Michelet, and that Michelet was trying to return all historical memories through somatic fantasies; Fourier, through fantasy, established a happy system of learning. By emphasizing fantasy, Bart critiques the humanities in the West and argues that the traditional liberal arts sciences examine truth, the concept of desire, repression of pleasure, and the formation of terrorism and authoritarianism on the principle of simple and integralism.