论文部分内容阅读
自从应用牛痘苗成功地预防天花以来,各种有效的疫苗相继问世,大规模的免疫对于预防和控制传染病起了重要作用。已认识到免疫程序(包括疫苗的选择和应用,接种对象和时间,注射次数及间隔,再免疫等等)的设计是否合理可直接影响到人工免疫在预防和控制传染病中的作用。免疫程序的设计可受到多方面因素的影响,概括起来主要是流行病学,免疫学和具体实施这三方面。现分述于下。
Since the successful vaccination of vaccinia vaccines, various effective vaccines have come out one after another, and large-scale immunization plays an important role in the prevention and control of infectious diseases. It has been recognized that the rational design of immune procedures, including the choice and application of vaccines, the subject and timing of vaccination, the number and spacing of injections, re-immunization, etc., has a direct impact on the role of artificial immunity in the prevention and control of infectious diseases. The design of immunization programs can be influenced by many factors, which can be summed up in three aspects: epidemiology, immunology and implementation. Now described below.