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一、引言空间环境,特别是微重力环境,与阳光、射线,大气等空间的自然环境截然不同,是一种通过控制飞行器的高度和角速度而生成的人为性环境。其利用价值在于能够向人类提供研制新材料的新领域。在微重力条件下,物体几乎没有重量。只有这种物理现象才能产生无对流、无浮力、无沉降、无静压的各种现象。这些现象在地而上不可能长时间存在。在材料研制过程中,有时能够打破地面条件的各种约束,实行有利的材料加工,还可以采用在地面上得不到的特殊材料的加工技术获得新型的材料。因此,能够代表存在于广阔的真空空间的微重力对材料的空间加工引起了世界性的注目。1986年7月,日本的宇宙开发委员会空间站特别部发表了题为“日本对空间站计划的设想”的阶段性研究报告。认为振兴空间科学技术不仅会给人类带来新的知识,而且通过深化尖端科学技术领域,对社会经济的发展起到重要的作用。还认为空间站将会推动多种多样的空间实验的进行。除了进行材料试验而外,还可以参加国际微重力实验室计划的联合设计和实验。这个报告对适合于日本的有关小型火箭、自由飞行器等的试验手段、实验目的、实验
I. INTRODUCTION The space environment, especially the micro-gravity environment, is completely different from the natural environment of sunshine, rays and atmosphere. It is an artificial environment generated by controlling the altitude and angular velocity of the aircraft. Its value lies in the ability to provide humans with new areas for the development of new materials. Under microgravity, the object has almost no weight. Only this physical phenomenon can produce no convection, no buoyancy, no settlement, no static pressure of the various phenomena. These phenomena can not exist for a long time in the earth. In the material development process, sometimes it is possible to break through various constraints of the ground conditions, to perform favorable material processing, and to obtain new materials by using processing techniques of special materials that are not available on the ground. Therefore, it is able to represent the world’s attention that the micro-gravities existing in a vast vacuum space exert a great influence on the spatial processing of materials. In July 1986, Japan’s Space Development Board Special Section of Space Station published a staged research report entitled “Japan’s Plan for Space Station”. He believes that rejuvenating space science and technology will not only bring new knowledge to mankind, but also play an important role in social and economic development through deepening the fields of cutting-edge science and technology. It is also believed that space station will promote a variety of space experiments. In addition to material testing, joint design and experimentation with the International Microgravity Laboratory Program can also take place. This report is suitable for Japan’s small rocket, free aircraft and other test methods, experimental purposes, experiments