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分权管理作为改进治理的民主进程和资源的公平分配或有效性的方法而受到广泛的讨论。分权管理的目标和主要原则(如辅助作用等)已是众所周知的,但付诸实施却总是不很成功。分权管理的途径有时从概念上设计得很好,但因各种原因并未按照设计去执行,从而出现了造成冲突和混乱的严重缺陷,导致目标未能实现。通过对亚太地区案例研究的正面和负面的经验进行了回顾,对森林经营和可持续性的影响给予了关注。成功的分权管理途径需要反映国家所关心的地理、文化和机构方面,以及相关的各种施政、市场和信息功能。分权管理有多种形式,其可以包含地域层次和联邦层次,也可以包括地方政府或不符合常规施政的地域。但所有的分权管理形式都必须做好准备工作,且分阶段实施非常必要。总结案例研究的教训为森林可持续经营提供了制定未来分权管理途径的基础和避免缺陷。
Decentralized management is widely discussed as a way to improve the democratic process of governance and the equitable distribution or effectiveness of resources. The goals and key principles of decentralization (such as ancillary roles) are well known, but their implementation is not always successful. Sometimes approaches to decentralization are conceptually well designed but not implemented as designed for a variety of reasons, resulting in serious shortcomings that create conflicts and chaos leading to goals not being met. A review of the positive and negative experiences with case studies in the Asia Pacific region is of concern, with concerns about the impact of forest management and sustainability. Successful approaches to decentralized management need to reflect the geographic, cultural and institutional aspects of the country’s interest, as well as the related functions of governance, markets and information. There are many forms of decentralized management that can include both geographic and federal levels, as well as local governments or regions that do not conform to conventional governance. However, all forms of decentralization must be well prepared and phased implementation is necessary. Lessons learned from case studies provide the foundation for SFM to shape the path to future decentralized management and avoid shortcomings.