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大豆蚜在我国主要大豆产地都有分布,以吉、辽、黑和内蒙自治区的一部分为害最重,为猖獗发生区。大豆蚜的寄主植物除大豆外,还有野生大豆和鼠李,由调查和接种试验的结果,肯定了大量地分布在东北三省的鼠李为越冬寄主。 大豆蚜的全年发生周期和为害特点在大豆上共分三个阶段:1)从侵害豆苗起到7月中旬大豆盛花期止,是大豆蚜的盛发时期,占有总蚜量的50—70％,群聚于豆株上部幼嫩的枝叶上,这时期的为害,对大豆的生长威胁最大;2)到7月下旬,由于大豆生长点停止生长,大豆蚜即从群聚于植株上部发生转移到分散在中、下部的叶片背面,并同时出现小型蚜,生长迟缓,为田间大豆蚜为害的消退阶段;3)8月下旬结荚后期到9月上旬黄熟期,重新开始了大豆蚜的后期繁殖阶段,随即在秋末季迁回鼠李,经雌雄交配产卵越冬,秋季雄性蚜和雌性产卵蚜分别发生在不同的寄主上,雌性发生在鼠李上,雄性发生在大豆上。全年在大豆上共繁殖15代。 根据大豆蚜的生活规律和几年来田间消长规律并结合几年的气象资料综合分析的结果,初步得出大豆蚜的发生消长规律和其影响因子:1)上年越冬量及早期田间蚜量大,因而造成了苗期大发生;2)6月下旬至7月上旬的旬平均温度在22—25℃,相对湿度在78％以下时,则极有利于田间大豆蚜的发育和繁殖,即使早期蚜量少,由?
Soybean aphid in China’s major soybean producing areas are distributed to Kyrgyzstan, Liao, Black and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region as part of the most damaged, rampant area. Host plants of soybean aphid except soybean, as well as wild soybeans and rushes, the results of the investigation and vaccination test, affirmed that a large number of scattered in the northeastern provinces of the winter as the host of the host. Soybean aphid annual cycle and damage characteristics in soybean is divided into three stages: 1) From the infringement of bean sprouts until the mid-July soybean flowering period, the soybean aphid flourishing period, the total amount of aphids accounted for 50- 70%, clustered in the young branches above the bean branches, the damage of this period, the greatest threat to the growth of soybeans; 2) late in July, due to the growth of soybean stops growing, the soybean aphids that gathered from the upper part of the plant Occurred in the middle and lower leaves scattered back, and at the same time small aphids, growth retardation, field soybean aphids harm subsided phase; 3) late August late pods to early September yellow stage, restart the soybean aphid In the late breeding stage, the rodents were moved back to the late autumn for oviposition and overwinter. The male aphids and the female spawning aphids occurred on different hosts in autumn. The female occurred on the rodents and the males occurred on the soybean. A total of 15 generations of soybean in the annual breeding. According to the law of life of soybean aphid and the law of years in the field and the combination of several years of meteorological data, we can get the law of the growth and decline of soybean aphid and its influencing factors: 1) The overwintering amount in the previous year and the amount of aphids in the field , Resulting in a large occurrence of seedling stage; 2) late June to early July ten-day average temperature at 22-25 ℃, relative humidity below 78%, it is very conducive to the development and breeding of field soybean aphids, even in early Aphid less, from?