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传统将血液循环系统分为心脏、动脉、静脉和毛细血管四个部分,它们各自有不同的机能。从组织学来讲,心脏主要由心肌组成,动静脉壁上的肌肉则属予平滑肌。实际上,这些概念并非绝对正确。在许多动物包括人类心肌纤维的分布早已超越心脏这个器官的界限而存在于胸腔大静脉的近心段,在某些动物甚至远达肺静脉的小分支。这自然会使这些血管具有心肌的机能特性。这一有趣的问题曾引起许多组织、解剖及生理学者的重视并进行了许多研究。本文就胸腔大静脉上心肌的形态特点、分布范围以及电活动等有关方面的问题作一综述。
Traditional blood circulation system will be divided into heart, artery, vein and capillaries in four parts, each with different functions. Histologically speaking, the heart is composed mainly of myocardium, while the muscles on the arteriovenous wall belong to the smooth muscle. In fact, these concepts are not absolutely correct. The distribution of human cardiac muscle fibers in many animals, including humans, has long exceeded the limits of the organ of the heart and exists in the proximal segment of the large vena cava in some animals even up to the small branches of the pulmonary veins. This naturally makes these vessels have the functional properties of the myocardium. This interesting issue has aroused the attention of many organizations, anatomy and physiology scholars and conducted many studies. This article reviews the morphological features, distribution range, and electrical activities of the major ventricle on the thoracic cavity.