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由于上游活动的单位成本飙升、美元贬值以及油田资本支出更多地转向技术复杂的深水区和小油田,自2000年起,尤其是2004年以来,全球石油公司勘探开发新油田和增加现有油田产量所耗费的成本大幅度上升。钻井是上游资本开支的最大组成部分。高油价推动了钻机需求与日费的上涨,越来越高的钻井成本反过来也推动了新设备的开发成本和租赁服务成本的上升,从而支持了远期油价的趋高走势。成本的增加推动了所有地区上游项目新增单位产能投资成本的上升。但由于新产能陆续投产以及油田服务和相关原材料需求的增长放缓,加上有些公司因期待成本回落而推迟作出投资决策,上游成本增加的速度在减缓。预计世界油气上游成本在2009年将会比较稳定,此后,成本的实际水平(经消费者物价指数调整后)仍将保持稳定。
Due to soaring unit costs of upstream activities, the devaluation of the U.S. dollar and the shift in capital expenditures on oilfields to more technically complex deepwater areas and small oilfields, global oil companies have been exploring new fields and increasing existing fields since 2000, especially since 2004 The cost of producing a substantial increase in costs. Drilling is the largest component of upstream capital expenditures. High oil prices push up demand and daily costs for drilling rigs. Higher and higher drilling costs in turn propel the development costs of new equipment and the cost of leasing services, supporting the upward trend of forward oil prices. The increase in costs has led to an increase in the cost of manufacturing capacity for new units in upstream projects in all regions. However, due to the slow production growth of new production capacity and the demand for oilfield services and related raw materials, coupled with the delay of some companies in making investment decisions due to the expected cost fall, the increase of upstream costs is slowing down. It is estimated that the world upstream cost of oil and gas will be stable in 2009, and the actual cost level (adjusted by the CPI) will remain stable thereafter.