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银耳一旦出现畸形,如变色、僵耳、小耳等,严重影响其商品价值和经济效益。所以,防止银耳出现畸形,是银耳人工栽培的重要课题。现就银耳发生畸形的原因及防治办法谈点浅见。(一)菌种衰退银耳菌种对条件要求比较苛刻,极易在培养过程中衰退并出现畸形或不出耳现象。防治的办法主要有:①银耳菌几乎不能自行制造养料,一定要借助香灰菌(羽毛状菌丝)分解作用。但香灰菌接种量宜少,以免过早地消耗培养基养料。②在培养基中,除适当加入甘蔗渣外,最好比常规配料多加5～10%的麸皮或1～2%的黄豆粉,以确保充足的营养。另外如能添加一定量的尿素和磷酸二氢钾则效果更好。③选择适合银耳生长的木屑。据上海农科院试验,除含有松脂、醚等杀菌物质的针叶树(如松、柏、杉)和有芳香油的樟科植物外,其它树木均可,但以青杠、枫树、角杨等为好。④菌种培养10天后,要及时放在18～20℃的干燥环境中保存,抑制菌丝继续旺盛生长,以保持活力。⑤培养基含水量控制在45～50%,培养基要装紧,以减少通气量,使菌丝缓慢健壮生长。⑥菌种应每隔2～3个月复壮一次。银耳一旦出现畸形,如变色、僵耳、小耳等,严重影响其商品价值和经济效益。所以,防止银耳出现畸形,是银耳人工栽培的重要课题。现就银耳发生畸形的原因及防治办法谈点浅见。(一
Tremella once there deformity, such as discoloration, stiff ears, ears, etc., seriously affecting the value of their goods and economic benefits. Therefore, to prevent deformities Tremella, Tremella artificial cultivation is an important issue. Now on the causes of deformities and prevention and treatment of Tremella talk briefly. (A) Degradation of fungus Tremella species demanding conditions, easily decay in the culture process and there deformity or no ear phenomenon. The main control methods are: ① fungus almost can not create their own nourishment, must take advantage of gray mold bacteria (feather mycelium) decomposition. However, inoculation amount of scent ash should be less, so as not to prematurely consume the nutrient medium. ② In the medium, in addition to the appropriate addition of bagasse, preferably 5 to 10% more than conventional ingredients bran or 1 to 2% of soybean meal to ensure adequate nutrition. In addition, if you can add a certain amount of urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate is better. ③ choose the growth of white fungus sawdust. According to the test of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, except for conifers (such as pine, cypress and cedar) and fragrant oil, coniferous plants containing turpentine, ether and other bactericidal substances, other trees can be used. However, As well. ④ strain culture 10 days, it should be promptly placed in a dry environment at 18 ~ 20 ℃, inhibition of mycelium continue vigorous growth in order to maintain vitality. ⑤ medium moisture content control in 45 ~ 50%, the media should be loaded tightly to reduce ventilation, so that mycelium grow slowly and robustly. ⑥ strains should be repeated every 2 to 3 months. Tremella once there deformity, such as discoloration, stiff ears, ears, etc., seriously affecting the value of their goods and economic benefits. Therefore, to prevent deformities Tremella, Tremella artificial cultivation is an important issue. Now on the causes of deformities and prevention and treatment of Tremella talk briefly. (one