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一、企业与外部环境的关系 1、改革经济管理体制,恢复市场经济,促进企业竞争。战后初期,日本在经济处于瘫痪状态下,曾一度实行统制经济体制,对企业实行高度集中管理。企业的这种经营机制阻碍了企业之间的竞争,限制了企业的活力。1949年下半年,日本废除物资配给制度恢复市场经济,逐渐取消国家对企业的直接干预,转而运用各种经济手段和政策法令引导企业开展竞争,从统制经济向竞争体制过渡。 2、用引导性的计划指明经济发展方向,诱导企业焕发活力和最有效地使用活力。日本的中长期计划是政府同产业界、金融界、学术界、工会等代表人士反复协商调整后确定下来的,因此它能有效地吸引和刺激企业生产经营积极性,在中长期计划制定后,政府各部门也都相应地制定本部门的计划,有的私人企业也在政府有关部门指导下,确定自己的发展方向。
First, the relationship between business and the external environment 1, reform the economic management system, restore the market economy, and promote enterprise competition. In the early post-war period, Japan was once in a state of economic paralysis and had once implemented the system of controlling the economy and implemented highly centralized management of enterprises. This business mechanism of enterprises hinders the competition among enterprises and limits the vitality of enterprises. In the second half of 1949, Japan’s abolition of the material distribution system resumed the market economy, gradually canceled direct state-to-business interventions, and instead used various economic instruments and policies to guide companies in their competition and to transition from a controlled economy to a competitive system. 2. Use guiding plans to specify the direction of economic development and induce companies to rejuvenate and use their energy most effectively. Japan’s mid- and long-term plan was determined after repeated consultations between the government and industrial, financial, academic, and trade union representatives, so it can effectively attract and stimulate corporate enthusiasm for production and management. After the medium and long-term plan is formulated, the government All departments have also formulated plans for this sector accordingly, and some private companies have also determined their own development direction under the guidance of relevant government departments.