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目的:对蓼科Polygonaceae植物药用大黄Rheum officinale的干燥地上部分进行化学成分研究,从物质基础的角度探寻其作为药用资源的可能性。方法:取干燥药用大黄地上部分5 kg依次用95%,75%乙醇回流提取,减压回收溶剂至无醇味,分别用石油醚、乙酸乙酯萃取,采用多种色谱技术对乙酸乙酯部分及萃取后剩余的水相进行分离纯化,应用~1H-NMR,~(13)C-NMR,2D NMR,MS等现代分析技术进行结构鉴定。结果:从乙酸乙酯部分及水相中共分离鉴定了16个化合物,分别为4-methyl-6,8-dihydroxy-7H-benz[de]anthracen-7-one(1),大黄素-8-甲醚(2),emodin bianthrones B(3),emodin bianthrones A(4),6’-乙酰基-大黄素-8-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(5),6’-乙酰基-大黄素甲醚-8-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(6),二氢高良姜醇(7),rumexneposides B(8),迷人醇(9),槲皮素-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(10),杨梅素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(11),2″-O-galloylvitexin(12),槲皮素-3-O-刺槐双糖(13),山柰酚-3-O-芸香糖苷(14),1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid(15),kaempferol-3-O-[6″-O-(3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaroyl)glucoside](16)。其中6个蒽醌类化合物(2~6,9),7个黄酮类化合物(7,10~14,16),1个吲哚类化合物(15)及2个酚类化合物(1,8)。结论:化合物1~16均为首次从大黄属中分离得到。经综合对比,发现药用大黄地上部分的化学成分与传统药用部位根及根茎相似,主要为蒽醌类、黄酮类、酚类化合物等。这为大黄地上部分药用资源的开发利用提供了一定的化学依据。
OBJECTIVE: To study the chemical constituents of the dry aerial part of Polygonaceae Rheum officinale collected from Polygonaceae, and to explore its potential as a medicinal resource from the material base. Methods: Take the dried medicinal Rhubarb 5 kg above ground with 95%, 75% ethanol reflux extraction, solvent recovery under reduced pressure to no alcohol taste, respectively, with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate extraction, using a variety of chromatographic techniques of ethyl acetate And the remaining aqueous phase after extraction was separated and purified. The structures were identified by ~ 1H-NMR, ~ (13) C-NMR, 2D NMR, MS and other modern analytical techniques. Results: Sixteen compounds were isolated and identified from ethyl acetate fraction and aqueous phase, which were 4-methyl-6,8-dihydroxy-7H-benz [de] anthracen- Emodin bianthrones B (3), emodin bianthrones A (4), 6’-acetyl-emodin -8-O-β-D-glucoside (5) (6), dihydro galanganol (7), rumexneposides B (8), enchanting alcohol (9), quercetin-3-O-β-D O-galloylvitexin (12), quercetin-3-O-acacia disaccharide (13) Kaempferol-3-O- [6 "], kaempferol-3-O- -O- (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaroyl) glucoside] (16). Among them, six anthraquinones (2-6,9), seven flavonoids (7,10 ~ 14,16), one indole compound (15) and two phenolic compounds (1,8) . Conclusion: Compounds 1 ~ 16 were isolated from Rhubarb for the first time. After a comprehensive comparison, it was found that the chemical components of the medicinal rhubarb are similar to the traditional medicinal parts of root and rhizome, mainly anthraquinones, flavonoids and phenolic compounds. This provides certain chemical basis for the development and utilization of some medicinal resources on rhizoma earth.