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本文采用放射化学分析法,研究了苏联切尔贝利核电站事故释出~(131)Ⅰ对羊胃内容物、血、肉和甲状腺的污染规律。结果表明:~(131)Ⅰ对乌鲁木齐羊甲状腺的污染,5月20日达最大污染水平,其后按A=A_oe~(λt)规律下降。~(131)Ⅰ在羊甲状腺、血、肉和胃内容物中的有效半衰期分别为7.2天、6.7天、6.7天和5.1天。~(131)Ⅰ由羊胃内容物向血、肉和甲状腺的转移系数分别为1.06B_q ·K_g~(-1)/B_a·K_g~(-1)、0.14B_q·K_g~(-1)/B_q·K_g~(-1)和10.0B_q·g~(-1)/B_q·K_g~(-1)。由羊甲状腺污染水平,估算出此次事故污染,~(131)Ⅰ所致新疆地区和乌鲁木齐成年人的待识有效剂量当量分别为4.8和114.8μS_v,不会以居民健康产生明显不良影响。
In this paper, the radioactive chemical analysis was used to study the contamination of sheep stomach contents, blood, meat and thyroid caused by ~ (131) Ⅰ release from the accident at Chernobyl nuclear power plant in the Soviet Union. The results showed that the contamination of ~ (131) Ⅰ on thyroid in Urumchi sheep reached the maximum pollution level on May 20, and then decreased according to A = A_oe ~ (λt). The effective half-lives of ~ (131) I in sheep thyroid, blood, meat and stomach contents were 7.2 days, 6.7 days, 6.7 days and 5.1 days, respectively. The transfer coefficients from ~ (131) Ⅰ to the blood, meat and thyroid from sheep stomach contents were 1.06B_q · K_g -1 / B_a · K_g -1 and 0.14B_q · K_g -1 / B_q · K_g ~ (-1) and 10.0B_q · g -1 / B_q · K_g -1. Estimated from the level of sheep thyroid contamination, the estimated effective dose equivalent of ~ (131) Ⅰ in adults in Xinjiang and Urumqi were 4.8 and 114.8μS_v, respectively, which would not cause obvious adverse effects on the residents’ health.