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一、3-6岁儿童的生理特点3-6岁儿童身长和体重的增长相对来说比婴儿时期减慢,但四肢的增长比例却加快,体形逐渐变得细长(6岁儿童的腿长可占身长的44.6%),2岁以后的幼儿平均每年约增体重1-2公斤。学龄前儿童骨骼的化学成分与成人相比,骨胶多,钙盐少,因而骨的弹性大,硬度小,受压时,易弯曲变形,钙是构成骨骼的主要成分,需要充足供应,3-6岁幼儿处于长牙及换牙时期,乳儿从6个月开始出牙,20个乳牙最晚到2-3岁时出齐。6-7岁左右萌出恒牙,虽然最初的一个恒牙在6岁左右开始长出,但它的钙化过程却早在出牙前已经开始,因此及早地注意补充钙质和维生素D是非常重要的。学龄前儿童胃肠消化功能尚未发育完善,如胃的蠕动能力较弱,胃腺数目较少,胃腺分泌的消化酸度低,消化酶的含量比成人少,消化食物的能力较弱,应
Physiological characteristics of 3-6 year-old children The growth of 3-6-year-old children’s height and weight is relatively slower than that of their infancy, but the proportion of their extremities is accelerating and their physique gradually becomes slim (the leg length of 6-year-olds Accounting for 44.6% of the total body length). After 2 years old, the average weight of infants in each year is about 1-2 kg. Preschool children’s bone chemical composition compared with adults, more glue, less calcium, so the bone elasticity, hardness, compression, bending deformation, calcium is the main component of the skeleton, the need for adequate supply of 3- 6-year-old child in the period of teething and changing teeth, the baby started teething from 6 months, 20 teeth at the age of 2-3 at the latest. 6-7 years old eruption of permanent teeth, although the first permanent tooth began to grow around the age of 6, but its calcification process has already begun before teething, so early attention to calcium and vitamin D supplementation is very important of. Gastrointestinal digestive function in preschool children has not yet developed and perfect, such as the gastric motility is weak, less the number of gastric glands, gastric acid secretion of digestive acidity is low, digestive enzymes less than adults, the ability to digest food is weak, should