论文部分内容阅读
本选译所收俄国外交文书共48件,分为两部分:第一部分,19件,系关于英军第二次入侵我国领土西藏的,反映了英军自1903年5月开始紧锣密鼓备战,到同年12月入侵西藏,先后占领春丕、江孜和帕里,沿春丕谷修筑铁路、架设电报电话线、修建永久性建筑和粮食仓库,将其臣民分别迁往上述地区,以及英军在西藏暴行等情况;第二部分,29件,系关于十三世达赖自西藏逃往外蒙和沙俄所采取之对策以及达赖喇嘛在外蒙古的活动。在英军占领拉萨前8天的1904年7月26日,达赖喇嘛率德尔智等仓皇出逃,同年12月抵达库伦,其主要目的是寻求俄国庇护,希望沙皇政府保证俄国承担保护西藏抵抗英国和中国,然而却遭到意想不到的冷遇。在日俄交战,俄国战败之情况下,沙皇政府根本不可能向达赖喇嘛作什么担保,给予帮助。而日俄战后沙俄调整了远东政策,把侵略重点转向了外蒙古。至于达赖喇嘛是移居俄国,还是留在外蒙,是返回西藏,还是驻锡青海,沙俄政府所考虑的只是俄国的利益,如何利用达赖喇嘛为俄国向外蒙古扩张效力。与此同时,沙俄政府还在考虑,如何通过谈判、签订协定维护其在西藏的利益,并以“西藏问题”为筹码同英国进行交易。此外,第二部分文件还反映了达赖喇嘛在外蒙古进行的一系列政治活动等。
The total number of Russian diplomatic instruments received in this election is 48, divided into two parts: Part I and Part 19, concerning the second invasion of Tibet by China by the British army into Tibet, reflect that the British troops started intense preparations in May 1903 to Invading Tibet in December of the same year, it successively occupied Chunpu, Gyangze and Parry, built railways along Chunpachi, erected telegraph lines, built permanent structures and grain depots, relocated its subjects to these areas, and the British troops in Tibet Atrocities, etc. The second part, 29, deals with the counter-measures taken by the 13th Dalai Lama to flee Tibet from Tibet to Outer Mongolia and Czarist Russia and the Dalai Lama’s activities in Outer Mongolia. On July 26, 1904, during the first eight days of the British occupation of Lhasa, the Dalai Lama flew in a fierce air and flew into Cullens in December of the same year. The main purpose of the Dalai Lama was to seek asylum in Russia. He hoped the tsarist government would ensure that Russia would undertake to protect Tibet against the British And China, however, was unexpected cold reception. In the war between Japan and Russia and the defeat of Russia, it is impossible for the tsarist government to provide any guarantee to the Dalai Lama and help. After the Russo-Japanese War, Czarist Russia adjusted its Far East policy and shifted the focus of aggression to Outer Mongolia. As for whether the Dalai Lama moved to Russia or remained in Mongolia, returned to Tibet or resided in the Qinghai Sea, the SAR government only considered the interests of Russia and how to use the Dalai Lama to expand Russia’s effectiveness in Outer Mongolia. In the meantime, the tsarist Russian government is still considering how to negotiate and sign an agreement to safeguard its interests in Tibet and trade with the United Kingdom in the “Tibet issue.” In addition, the second part of the document also reflects a series of political activities conducted by the Dalai Lama in Outer Mongolia.