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胎盘植入是胎盘绒毛因内膜缺陷而直接侵入子宫内膜,或胎盘直接种植到子宫肌层及浆膜层内。根据胎盘绒毛植入子宫肌层的深度,可将胎盘植入分为胎盘粘连、胎盘植入和胎盘穿通。超声和MRI是目前临床最常用于诊断胎盘植入的方法。超声已成为胎盘植入的首选检查方法;但当胎盘位于子宫后壁或需要判断胎盘植入深度时,超声检查结果不可靠。作为超声检查的辅助手段,MRI对于胎盘位于子宫后壁的患者具有较大优势,同时对于胎盘植入的分型(尤其对于胎盘穿通的患者)明显优于超声。对临床怀疑有胎盘植入高危因素的孕妇可先行超声检查;当超声诊断不明确、胎盘位于子宫后壁或不能判断其植入深度时,可进一步行MRI,以优化诊断率。
Placental implantation of placental villi is due to intimal defects directly into the endometrium, or the placenta directly implanted into the myometrium and serosa. According to the depth of placental implantation of myometrium, placenta accreta can be divided into placenta accreta, placenta accreta and placenta accreta. Ultrasound and MRI are the most commonly used methods for the diagnosis of placenta accreta at present. Ultrasound has become the preferred method of placenta accreta; however, when the placenta is located in the posterior wall of the uterus or the depth of placenta accretion is to be determined, the results of ultrasonography are not reliable. As an adjunct to ultrasonography, MRI has great advantages for patients with placenta located in the posterior wall of the uterus, and is superior to ultrasound in the classification of placenta accreta (especially in patients with placenta accreta). On the clinical suspicion of placenta accreta placenta high risk factors for pregnant women may be the first ultrasound; when the ultrasound is not clear, the placenta in the uterine wall or can not determine the depth of implantation, further MRI can be carried out to optimize the diagnostic rate.