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在第二次世界大战后的四十年间,美国在科学技术领域一直保持着领先地位。然而从六十年代中期开始,遭到日本、西欧和苏联的挑战,尤其是日本,大有后来者居上的气势。美国“对日戒备”的舆论日益高涨,它们之间的摩擦与竞争变得越来越激烈。这种摩擦与竞争,已逐步从贸易摩擦、商品竞争演变为与国家地位和军事战略密切相关的高技术战。 1986年,美国商业部的一份报告中分析:“高技术的优势地位,保证了美国在世界政治和经济中的领导地位。失去这种优势地位,就有可能给美国的经济、政治和国家安全造成无法估量的影响。”美国的高技术优势是美国作为世界“宪兵”,能够控制和统治西方世界的关键,是对苏联战略的重要武器。在这种情况下,日、西欧和苏联把发展高技术看成为自身生存所采取的重要战略方针。日本视美国为追赶目标,美国把日本看成最主要的对手。因此,美国总统里根于1986年8月14日签署了一项法令对付日本在高技术领域内的挑战。里根说:“最近几年来,其他国家,尤其是日本已对美国在诸如电子计算机、半导体、光导纤维和机器人等高技术工业的领导地位提出了挑战。”在分析日本成功的原因时,其中有一条即日本全国协同努力、搜集、翻译和运用外国的科学技术情报。日本为了得到别国的科技情报,明买暗偷,甚至不惜一切代价从他国挖走高技术研究人员。发生在1982年6月的工业间谍事件,就是日本的日立制作所、三菱电机公司猎取美国IBM公司的软件技术,结果被美国发现,受到民事诉讼。日本所以冒这样大的风险,是因为在电子计算机产业,日本的硬件技术领先于美国,而美国的软件技术则胜过日本。可是,美国控制着计算机市场约80％,贸易盈余额从1970年起的十年内由11.6亿美元增加到68.4亿美元。1981年日本却只占世界计算机市场的13.1％,产值为67.0亿美元,而美国为57.7％,产值是295.3亿美元。对此,日本是不甘心的。因此猎取美国的软件技术事件就出现了。
During the 40 years after the Second World War, the United States has maintained its leadership in science and technology. However, from the mid-1960s, it was challenged by Japan, Western Europe and the Soviet Union, especially Japan. The public opinions on the “war on Japan” in the United States have been rising day by day. The friction and competition between them have become increasingly fierce. Such friction and competition have gradually evolved from trade frictions and commodity competitions to high-tech warfare closely related to the country's status and military strategy. A report by the U.S. Department of Commerce in 1986 analyzed: “The superiority of high technology guarantees the U.S. leadership in the world's politics and economy, and losing this dominance has the potential to give the U.S. economy, politics and state Security has an immeasurable impact. ”The U.S. high-tech advantage is that the United States, as the world's“ gendarmerie, ”is the key to controlling and governing the Western world and an important weapon for the Soviet strategy. Under such circumstances, Japan, Western Europe and the Soviet Union regard the development of high technology as an important strategic guideline for their own survival. Japan regards the United States as a catching-up target and the United States views Japan as the most important rival. Therefore, U.S. President Reagan signed a decree on August 14, 1986, to deal with Japan's challenge in the field of high technology. Reagan said: “In recent years, other countries, notably Japan, have challenged the U.S. leadership in high-tech industries such as computers, semiconductors, optical fibers and robots.” In analyzing the reasons for Japan's success, One that is Japan's national concerted efforts to collect, translate and use foreign science and technology intelligence. In order to obtain the scientific and technological intelligence of other countries, Japan bought out secret stolen goods and even dug high-tech researchers from other countries at all costs. The industrial espionage incident that took place in June 1982 was Hitachi, Japan. Mitsubishi Electric Company hunt software technology from IBM in the United States. The result was discovered by the United States and subjected to civil lawsuits. Japan took such a big risk because in the computer industry, Japan's hardware technology ahead of the United States, while the United States software technology is better than Japan. However, the United States controls about 80% of the computer market. The trade surplus has increased from 1.16 billion U.S. dollars to 6.84 billion U.S. dollars in the ten years since 1970. In 1981, Japan accounted for only 13.1% of the world computer market with a production value of 6.7 billion U.S. dollars, compared with 57.7% in the United States and a production value of 29.53 billion U.S. dollars. In this regard, Japan is unwilling. So hunting software technology in the United States appeared.