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本文对小比例尺土壤制图理论和方法进行了总结,认为土壤制图是研究和表达土壤在空间分布的群体结构形式。提出了土壤组合发生的制图原则,以及提高定量化程度的单区与复区并重的制图方式。论述了土壤制图单元的组成分、确定的根据、相应的分类级别;土壤制图单元系统的等级及其排列;土壤制图单元与土壤分类单元的关系和异同。概括了单区与复区两种图斑结构形式及其形成因素,提出首先将复区图斑划分为地形、母质、历史演化、耕作等成因系列,然后再根据土壤群体组成分间的发生联系,细分为许多成因类型的分类观点和实例。还阐述了图斑组合所显示的我国土壤分布的地理规律性。概述了制图综合在小比例尺土壤制图中的重要意义,综合概括的途径和注意事项。最后简述了小比例尺土壤制图的展望。
In this paper, we summarize the theory and method of soil mapping in small scale, and think that soil mapping is a group structure that studies and expresses the spatial distribution of soil. The principle of cartography of soil combination was put forward, as well as the way of drawing both single zone and complex zone to increase the degree of quantification. This paper discusses the composition of soil mapping units, the basis for their identification, the corresponding classification level, the rank and arrangement of soil mapping unit systems, and the relationship and similarities and differences between soil mapping units and soil taxa. This paper summarizes the structure types and formation factors of two kinds of plaques in single zone and complex zone. It proposes that the complex plaque should be divided into series of genesis such as topography, parent material, historical evolution and tillage, and then according to the occurrence of soil group composition , Subdivided into taxonomic perspectives and examples of many genetic types. The geomorphic regularity of soil distribution in our country is also illustrated. The paper summarizes the significance of cartographic synthesis in small-scale soil mapping, the ways of comprehensive summarization and precautions. Finally, the prospect of soil mapping in small scale is briefly described.