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【目的】以21匹速步马为研究对象,分析不同速度区间马匹步态特征(步幅、步高、步频)在不同赛段的差异性及其与速度的相关性,为速步马选择及训练提供参考依据。【方法】速步赛时采集其步态特征及视频数据,将视频进行数字化处理,得到步幅、步高、步频和步速数据,并分赛段进行差异性和相关性分析。【结果】在高速组中,直道处、弯道处和终点处的步态特征与步速无显著性差异(P>0.05),但终点处的步幅、步频和步速都比直道和弯道处略大。在低速组中,马匹除步高外,步幅、步频和步速在直道、弯道和终点处均有差异,终点处步幅和步频均显著大于直道处和弯道处(P<0.05),终点处的速度则极显著大于直道处和弯道处(P<0.01),而弯道处的步幅、步频和步速则处于最低值。高速和低速两组之间,在直道、弯道和终点三处,高速组的步幅、步高极显著高于低速组(P<0.01)。直道和终点处,速度与步幅和步高存在极显著正相关关系(P<0.01),而在弯道处时,速度与步幅、步高和步频均存在极显著正相关关系(P<0.01)。【结论】速步马的调训工作中应以提高其步幅和步高作为主要方向。
【Objective】 The aim of this study was to investigate the differences of horse gait characteristics (stride, step height and stride frequency) in different stages and their correlations with the speed of 21 horse horsepower. Selection and training to provide a reference. 【Method】 Gait features and video data were collected during fast paced race. The video was digitized to obtain the data of stride, step height, pitch frequency and pace speed, and the difference and correlation analysis was conducted in different stages. 【Results】 In the high-speed group, the gait characteristics at the straight road, the curve and the end point had no significant difference with the pace (P> 0.05), but the stride, pace and pace at the end point were better than straight and Bending slightly larger. In the low-speed group, the stride, stride frequency and pace were different at the straight road, the curve and the end point except for the step height. The stride and stride frequency at the end point were significantly greater than those at the straight road and the curve (P < 0.05). The speed at the end point was significantly greater than that at the straight and corner (P <0.01), while the stride, pitch and pace at the corner were at the lowest. Between the high and low speed groups, the stride and step height of the high speed group were significantly higher than those of the low speed group (P <0.01) at the straight road, the curve and the end point. There was a significant positive correlation between speed and stride and step height at straight and end points (P <0.01), while there was a significant positive correlation between speed and stride, step height and stride frequency at corner <0.01). 【Conclusion】 Speedmaster training should be based on increasing its stride and step height.