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_传统史学一大特色是借鉴意识相当浓厚,几乎所有的封建史学家在他们的著作中表现出借鉴意识。所谓借鉴意识就是引往事为鉴戒,《国语·楚语下》中有言“人之求多闻善败、以鉴戒也”即是此意。司马光更明确地指出了它的内涵,在《进资治通鉴表》中说;“鉴前世之兴衰,考当今之得失;嘉善矜恶。取是舍非;足以懋稽古之盛德,跻无前之至治。”这种嘉善矜恶,取是舍非以为统治者提供资于治道的思想就是借鉴意识的具体表现。 借鉴意识是随着人类社会生活实践的不断发展而渐渐萌芽、产生和发展起来的。人类从能制造工具开始就知道积累经验。即使在原始时代,每一代人的
One of the major features of traditional historiography is its strong sense of reference. Almost all feudal historians have shown their sense of reference in their writings. The so-called reference consciousness is to lead to things as a warning, “Mandarin Chu language,” there is a saying “people ask for good and bad, to learn from” is what it means. Sima Guang pointed out its connotation more clearly and said in the “Progressive Investment and Governance Guide Table”; “The rise and fall of the past dynasties, the current gains and losses; Jiashan dislike evil; The rule of no precedent. ”This jiashan misogyny, take homestead to provide rulers with capitalist ideas is a concrete manifestation of awareness. Reference consciousness is gradually sprouted, generated and developed with the continuous development of human social practice. Humans know how to accumulate experience from the very beginning when they can make tools. Even in primitive times, every generation’s