论文部分内容阅读
目的通过调查和分析新疆维吾尔自治区(简称新疆)人体肠道原虫流行现状,评估近年来的防治成效,为调整和制订适合新疆特点的防治策略和措施提供科学依据。方法 2015年1月,以环境保护部和中国科学院联合编制的《全国生态功能区划》为基础,按生态系统类型、地理特征等自然条件,将新疆划分为Ⅰ~Ⅴ等5个生态区。在各生态区内进行分层抽样调查,采集全年龄段人群粪便,采用碘液涂片后镜检鉴别肠道原虫形态,计算不同人群肠道原虫感染率。结果新疆5个生态区39个县(市)132个调查点共检查26 886人,受检率为81.47%(26 886/33 000),人群肠道原虫感染率为0.32%(85/26 886)。共查见溶组织内阿米巴(Entamoeba histolytica)、蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫(Giardia lamblia)、人芽囊原虫(Blastocystis hominis)和结肠内阿米巴(Entamoeba coli)等4种肠道原虫,感染率分别为2.23‰(60/26 886)、0.34‰(9/26 886)、0.07‰(2/26 886)和0.63‰(17/26 886)。5个生态区中,以第Ⅳ生态区原虫感染率最高,为0.75%(28/3 758)(P<0.05)。男性原虫感染率为0.24%(33/13 623),女性感染率为0.39%(52/13 263),女性感染率高于男性(P<0.05)。21~30岁和31~40岁年龄组人群的肠道原虫感染率较高,分别为1.40%(16/3 959)和0.46%(22/4 799),各年龄组间感染率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。不同职业人群中,家庭妇女感染率最高,为0.48%(2/418)。不同民族人群中,回族感染率最高,为0.61%(15/2 445)。不同文化程度人群中,小学的感染率最高,为0.37%(35/9 375),大学及以上人群的感染率最低,为0.20%(8/3 945)。结论 2015年新疆人体肠道原虫的感染率水平较低。
Objective To investigate the epidemic situation of human intestinal protozoa in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (Xinjiang) and evaluate the effectiveness of the prevention and treatment in recent years so as to provide a scientific basis for the adjustment and formulation of prevention and control strategies and measures suitable for the characteristics of Xinjiang. Methods In January 2015, based on the “National Ecological Function Zoning” jointly prepared by the MEP and the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xinjiang was divided into five ecological zones Ⅰ ~ Ⅴ according to the natural conditions such as ecosystem type and geographical features. Stratified sampling was conducted in each ecological zone to collect faeces from people of all ages. Specimens of intestinal protozoa were examined microscopically by iodine smear, and the intestinal protozoal infection rates of different groups were calculated. Results A total of 26 886 people were investigated at 132 investigation points in 39 counties (or cities) in 5 ecological districts of Xinjiang. The prevalence was 81.47% (26886/33 000), and the prevalence of intestinal protozoa was 0.32% (85/26 886 ). In total, four kinds of intestinal protozoa, Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, Blastocystis hominis and Entamoeba coli, The infection rates were 2.23 ‰ (60/26 886), 0.34 ‰ (9/26 886), 0.07 ‰ (2/26 886) and 0.63 ‰ (17/26 886), respectively. Of the five ecoregions, the highest infection rate of protozoan in the fourth ecological zone was 0.75% (28/3 758) (P <0.05). The prevalence rate of male protozoa was 0.24% (33/13 623). The infection rate of females was 0.39% (52/13 263). The prevalence of females was higher than that of males (P <0.05). The prevalence of intestinal protozoal infections was higher in 21-30 years old and 31-40 years old group, accounting for 1.40% (16/3 959) and 0.46% (22/4 799), respectively, with no statistical difference in infection rates among different age groups Significance (P> 0.05). Among different occupational groups, the highest prevalence among domestic women was 0.48% (2/418). Among ethnic groups, the highest rate of Hui infection was 0.61% (15/2 445). The highest infection rate among primary and secondary school students of different education levels was 0.37% (35/9 375), with the lowest prevalence rate of 0.20% (8/3 945) in college and above. Conclusion In 2015, the infection rate of human intestinal protozoa in Xinjiang was low.