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一 引言 中国机械工程在世界文明史中占有极为重要的位置,它以其巨大的科学成就自立于世界科学技术之林。在漫长的历史岁月中,中华民族创造了世界上不可胜数的机械奇迹;无论是秦陵出土的铜车马及其附件,随州曾侯乙墓出土的编钟群,张衡研制的浑天仪、地动仪,还是汉代的透光镜,宋代的铜洗,水运仪象台等等,都巧妙地运用了机械学原理、振动学原理,以及声学、光学原理。其设计之巧妙,构思之奇特,技艺之精湛,早为世人所称道。特别在浩如烟海的我国古代文献中,有着丰富多采的机械设计方法和设计思想的记载,这些历史文献是一个伟大的文化宝库。如先秦时期的《周礼·考工记》、《墨经》,宋
I. INTRODUCTION China’s mechanical engineering occupies an extremely important place in the history of world civilization. It has made itself independent in the world’s science and technology with its enormous scientific achievements. In the long historical years, the Chinese nation has created an incredible number of mechanical miracles in the world. Whether it is the bronze horse and its attachments unearthed in the Qinling Tombs, The translucent mirror of the Han Dynasty, the bronze wash of the Song Dynasty, the platform of the water transport instrument and so on, all cleverly applied the principles of mechanics, the principles of vibration and the principles of acoustics and optics. Its clever design, unique design, superb skills, as early as the world praised. Especially in the vast ancient literature in our country, there is a rich and varied mechanical design methods and design records, these historical documents is a great cultural treasure house. Such as the pre-Qin period “Zhou Gong Kaogongji”, “ink by” Song