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小麦籽粒品质相关性状属于数量性状,由多基因控制。为了探索小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)品质相关性状的遗传基础,以波兰小麦(Triticum polonicum L.)品系XN555×普通小麦品系中13产生的重组自交系(recombinant inbred lines,RILs)群体(包含99个F10株系)为研究材料,采用SSR(simple sequence repeat)分子标记技术构建遗传连锁图谱;根据2012年和2013年的表型数据,采用完备区间作图法(inclusive composite interval mapping,ICIM)定位籽粒硬度、籽粒蛋白质含量、面粉蛋白质含量和湿面筋含量等品质性状QTL。获得了由241个SSR标记位点组成的A、B染色体组的14个连锁群图谱,覆盖基因组1 338.92 cM,标记间的平均遗传距离为5.56 cM。共定位24个品质性状QTL,分布在1A、3A、4A、5A、6A、1B、2B、3B和5B等9条染色体上。其中,籽粒蛋白质含量和面粉蛋白质含量各7个QTL,湿面筋含量和籽粒硬度各5个QTL,4个性状的单个QTL可分别解释表型变异的8.30%～29.69%、6.90%～29.50%、10.10%～18.43%和7.93%～30.49%。两年都在6A染色体的Xbarc104～Xcfa2114标记区间内与Xbarc104相距1.2 cM处检测到湿面筋含量QTL,并于2012年和2013年分别检测出了面粉蛋白质含量和籽粒蛋白质含量的QTL。本研究为利用波兰小麦改良普通小麦以及在小麦品质改良中应用分子标记辅助选择提供依据。
Wheat grain quality-related traits are quantitative traits controlled by polygenes. In order to explore the genetic basis of quality-related traits in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), the recombinant inbred lines (RILs) generated from 13 of the Triticum polonicum L. lines XN555 × common wheat (including 99 F10 lines) were used as materials to construct the genetic linkage map with simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Based on the phenotypic data of 2012 and 2013, inclusive recombination interval mapping (ICIM) Grain hardness, grain protein content, flour protein content and wet gluten content. Fourteen linkage groups of A and B genomes, which consisted of 241 SSR markers, were obtained, covering 1 338.92 cM of the genome with an average genetic distance of 5.56 cM. A total of 24 QTLs for quality traits were located on 9 chromosomes 1A, 3A, 4A, 5A, 6A, 1B, 2B, 3B and 5B. Among them, seven QTL for grain protein content and flour protein content, five for wet gluten content and kernel hardness, and four QTL for single trait explained 8.30% -29.69% and 6.90% -29.50% of phenotypic variance respectively. 10.10% ~ 18.43% and 7.93% ~ 30.49%. The QTL for wet gluten content was detected at 1.2 cM from Xbarc104 in the Xbarc104 ~ Xcfa2114 marker interval of 6A chromosome in both years, and QTLs for flour protein content and grain protein content were detected in 2012 and 2013, respectively. This study provided the basis for the improvement of common wheat with Polish wheat and the application of molecular marker-assisted selection in wheat quality improvement.