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30多年来,我国公路铁路建设突飞猛进。据统计,截至2010年底,全国铁路营业里程达到9.10万公里,居世界第二。我国公路网总里程达到398.4万公里,5年新增63.9万公里。其中,高速公路由“十五”期末的4.1万公里发展到7.4万公里。公路和铁路建设必然占用大量土地,但很少有人去为修路细算土地账。根据国土资源部的调查汇总,2011年各省、区、市计划所需的新增建设用地总量为1684万亩,与国务院确定的年均600万亩指标相比缺口很大,并且其中以公路、铁路为主的基础设施建设项目的用地需求占用地总需求的40%以上,因公路铁路建设而损毁的土地也在与日俱增。而作为修复损毁土地的重要手段,土地复垦却对于公路铁路建设损毁的土地无暇顾及。面对如此局面,我国该如何算好修路这笔账,如何修复因公路铁路建设给土地留下的“创伤”?本刊将继续关注。
In the past 30 years, the construction of highway and railways in our country has progressed by leaps and bounds. According to statistics, as of the end of 2010, the national railway mileage reached 91,000 kilometers, ranking second in the world. The total mileage of our country’s highway network has reached 3.984 million kilometers, an increase of 639,000 kilometers in 5 years. Among them, the highway from the “fifteen ” the end of 41000 kilometers to 74000 kilometers. Roads and railway construction will inevitably occupy a large amount of land, but few people go to the road to settle the land account. According to the survey compiled by the Ministry of Land and Resources, the total amount of new construction land required for various provinces, regions and municipalities plans in 2011 will be 16.84 million mu, which is quite short compared with the annual average of 6 million mu determined by the State Council. Among them, More than 40% of the total demand for land occupied by rail-based infrastructural construction projects is occupied by land, and land damaged by the construction of road and railways is also growing. As an important means of repairing damaged land, land reclamation has no time to deal with land damaged by road and railway construction. In the face of such a situation, how should we calculate the amount of road construction in our country and how to repair the “trauma” left by the construction of the road and railways to the land?