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目的了解湘西苗族农村初中生的健康体适能,分析影响因素,为湘西苗族学生健康促进提供参考。方法随机抽取湘西地区苗族农村初中学生958名,测试其健康体适能(包括身高、体重、胸围、肺活量、握力、立定跳远和体前屈),采用问卷调查法、访谈法和逻辑分析法分析其影响因素。结果 (1)随着年龄增长,湘西地区农村苗族初中男生的肺活量、握力和立定跳远显著高于同龄女生(P<0.05);14岁男生的身高、体重、胸围、15岁男生的身高均高于同龄女生(P>0.05);(2)湘西地区农村苗族初中学生的各项健康体适能均显著低于全国同龄人平均水平(P<0.05);(3)男生认为“生活习惯对健康没有影响”者占18.4%,高于女性8.8%(χ~2=13.01、P<0.05);“影响较大者”和“影响非常大”者分别占9.8%和8.8%,均低于女生(χ~2=4.367、10.78,P<0.05);(4)吃早餐情况、饮食习惯、睡眠情况及课外体育锻炼情况均存在显著的性别差异(χ~2=13.39、12.85、8.12、15.50,P<0.05)。结论湘西地区农村苗族初中学生健康体适能落后于全国平均水平,健康意识较差。
Objective To understand the fitness of junior middle school students in Miao rural areas of Hunan province and to analyze the influencing factors so as to provide reference for the health promotion of Miao students in western Hunan. Methods A total of 958 junior high school students from rural Miao ethnic group in western Hunan province were randomly selected to test their fitness (including height, weight, chest circumference, vital capacity, grip strength, long jump and body flexion). The questionnaires, interviews and logical analysis Its influencing factors. Results (1) With the increase of age, the lung capacity, grip strength and standing long jump of Miao middle school boys in western Hunan were significantly higher than those of same age girls (P <0.05). The height, weight, chest circumference and the height of 15-year-old boys (P> 0.05); (2) The fitness and fitness of rural Miao middle school students in western Hunan were significantly lower than the national average (P <0.05); (3) Healthy people had no effect ", 18.4% higher than female, 8.8% higher than female (χ ~ 2 = 13.01, P <0.05), 9.8% and 8.8% %) Were lower than those of girls (χ ~ 2 = 4.367,10.78, P <0.05). (4) There was a significant gender difference in eating breakfast, eating habits, sleeping and extracurricular physical activity (χ ~ 2 = 13.39, 12.85, 8.12, 15.50, P <0.05). Conclusion The health physical fitness of Miao middle school students in rural areas of western Hunan lags behind the national average and their health awareness is poor.