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心灵主义理论认为学习者的语言知识是一个不断向目的语方向改进的内在系统. 成人习得第二语言的序列与儿童是相同的,但是由于成人有自身的特点,习得的顺序与儿童习得的顺序是不同的. 成人能够较儿童进行更为复杂更为抽象的思维,而且具有第一语言知识及习得第一语言的技巧. 因此,成人似乎应该比儿童更容易更迅速习得语言. 然而,由于情感等因素,成人习得第二语言的成就往往不及儿童. 基于该理论,本文提出成人英语教学若干建议.
The theory of spiritualism holds that the learner’s language knowledge is an internal system that is constantly improving toward the target language. Adults learn the sequence of the second language is the same as children, but because adults have their own characteristics, the order of learning and children’s learning The order of success is different. Adults can perform more complex and abstract thinking than children, and have first language knowledge and skills to acquire first language. Therefore, adults seem to be able to acquire language more easily and quickly than children. However, because of emotions and other factors, adults’ achievement in acquiring a second language is often less than that of children. Based on this theory, this paper proposes some suggestions for adult English teaching.