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一、材料科学的建立和内容材料科学主要研究材料的分子或原子结构、微观及宏观组织(结构)以及加工制造工艺和性能之间的关系。人们对上述关系的探求、归纳和在工业上的应用已进行了半个世纪以上,曾出现“工程材料”、“材料工学”等科目,但未能系统地阐明材料科学的规律。以后由“金相学”发展成为“金属学”(或“物理冶金学”),在化工学科中陶瓷学(工学及化学)应时产生,高分子(聚合物)化学中高分子物理(结构)学脱颖而出。在机械工业、电子工业以及其它工业,包括一些尖端技术中占重要地位的金属材料、陶瓷材料、聚合物材料和具有特殊光、电、磁、热、声能性质的材料(功能材料),在近代使用中不但互相配合(如
First, the establishment and content of materials science Materials Science mainly studies the molecular structure of materials or atoms, microscopic and macroscopic organization (structure) and the relationship between manufacturing process and performance. The exploration, induction and industrial application of these relations have been carried out for more than half a century. There have been such subjects as “engineering materials” and “materials engineering”, but the laws of material science have not been systematically elucidated. Later, “Metallography” developed into “Metallography” (or “Physical Metallurgy”). In the field of chemistry, ceramics (engineering and chemistry) should be produced in time, and polymer physics (polymer) should stand out in physics . Metallic materials, ceramic materials, polymer materials and materials (functional materials) having special properties of light, electricity, magnetism, heat, and sound energy which are important in the mechanical industry, the electronic industry and other industries, including some cutting- Modern use not only with each other (such as