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企业既是生产经营的基本单位,又是经济体制的基础和细胞,企业改革的好坏,关系到整个经济体制改革的成败。近几年,城市经济体制改革围绕增强企业活力这个中心环节进行了各种有益的探索,取得了很大进展。但就总体而言,扩大给企业的各种自主权至今没有完全落实,增强企业活力特别是增强国营大中型企业活力的问题并没有很好解决,企业还不能真正做到自负盈亏,还没有一套有效的、规范化的自我约束机制。其主要原因来自两个方面:一是企业改革受到某些外部条件的制约,比如行政干预过多,企业负担重,价格严重扭曲,收入分配不能正确反映经营和劳动效果等;二是企业还没有建立起完善的内部机制,通过强化其决策机制、运营机制、动力机制和自我调控机制等,来形成合理的企业行为。当然,企业
The enterprise is not only the basic unit of production and management, but also the foundation and cell of the economic system. The quality of enterprise reform is related to the success or failure of the entire economic system reform. In recent years, the reform of the urban economic system has carried out various beneficial explorations around the central link of enhancing the vitality of the enterprise and has made great progress. However, on the whole, the various autonomy rights that have been extended to enterprises have not yet been fully implemented. The problem of enhancing the vitality of enterprises, particularly the enhancement of the vitality of large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises, has not been well resolved. Enterprises cannot truly become self-financing and have not yet A set of effective, standardized self-restraint mechanisms. The main reasons come from two aspects: First, corporate reform is constrained by certain external conditions, such as too many administrative interventions, heavy corporate burdens, severely distorted prices, inability of income distribution to accurately reflect operational and labor effects, etc. Establish a sound internal mechanism, and strengthen its decision-making mechanism, operation mechanism, dynamic mechanism and self-regulation mechanism to form reasonable corporate behavior. Of course, business